The Relationship Between the Mind and Language Development...

Language is the most important means of interaction for a person’s development; and a beautiful gift. Our thoughts, feelings, needs and wants make us human. But in order to share the emotions, one needs to communicate through the use of language. The practice of language is highly important from the early years. I intend to look at the relation to how language rules the mind. Along with this, one will see how language facilitates one’s thinking power and its implications. Language plays an important role in one’s life and we’ll see a few psychologists’ view on this. Noam Chomsky states language is acquired by LAD, a Language Acquisition Device (Bruce, T., Meggit, C. 2002 ). Especially wired for learning, our brain is divided into†¦show more content†¦A child that has English as a second language who has come from Japan finds it difficult to understand the teacher because he’s used to learning in Japanese language. The contradiction here is that he will have differences in culture language which may lead to confusion. Differences in culture occur when children experience different environments. In many cultures children are not supposed to communicate or give their thoughts if elders are talking. I personally find this wrong because they need to express themselves and build their self confidence. Culture differences are everywhere in the world, but it is the diversity that helps a child know the truth. If they are unable to communicate, they will be unable to give thoughts and develop cognitively as well as linguistically. Without the environment, language acquisition becomes disabled. Culture, like language although different amongst individuals carries similarities allows you to develop literary skills. Children need to be nurtured with a kind of environment that they live in. The sensitive period of learning begins from birth to 6 years. From birth, a child babbles, looks at pictures and listens to words in order to grasp a language. Speaking, writing and the use of signs and symbols are the main ways a child. Positive relationships exchange of ideas between people who respect each other are the most important factors in language development and aShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Autism985 Words   |  4 PagesAutism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication (Grandgeorge, Hausberger et al., 2009). The group that I have chosen for this study are children from the ages of 2 to 12 years. I chose this topic because it has always fascinated me, as well as I have a personal experience with this topic, my 10 year old cousin has autism. At the age of 2 he was diagnosed with autism and his parents were able to prepare him for his futureRead MoreSocial Development : Learning The Values, Knowledge And Skills896 Words   |  4 PagesSocial development involves learning the values, knowledge and skills that allow child ren to connect with others effectively and to participate in positive ways to family, school and the community. This kind of learning is transferred onto children directly by those who care for and teach them, as well as indirectly through social relationships within the family or with friends, and through children’s contribution in the culture around them. Through their relationships with others and their growingRead MoreThe Child s Language Development1475 Words   |  6 Pages600 words (Owens, 2004). Toddlers at this age have increased mastery of consonants and can produce sentences that are four or five words long. Language transitions to a tool that is used to explore the interrogative â€Å"why?† which helps the toddler ask abstract questions and learn more about their environment. Five year-olds use more adult-like language, but aspects of their syntactic structure may be missing. Expressive vocabulary encompasses about 2,200 words by age five (Owens, 2004) and schemasRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1675 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent aspects of theory of mind (ToM) and in a different order when compared with typically developing children (Kimhi, 2014). ToM influences social functioning and understanding of others (Peterson et al., 2016) Studies have shown that individuals with ASD perform lower on ToM tasks than typically developing individuals (Kimhi, 2014). Children with ASD may have a disadvantage because research has shown that ToM is influenced by other factors such as age, IQ, and language abilities (Kimhi, 2014; PetersonRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Social Rules1726 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide a social explanation of how language is acquired. This includes an examination of such influences as the social characteristics of the setting and the learner and the social rules for second language use. While typically associated with these models, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which is based in his stud y of psychology, does not attempt to use culture to explain how language is acquired. Instead, Vygotsky identifies the relationship between language and culture as a dynamic, reciprocalRead MoreEffective Communication And Communication Between The Doctor And Patient Based On The Fourth Clip1569 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the evidence of lifespan development stages and its relevance to communication between the doctor and the patient based on the fourth clip. It will also provide illustrations of two factors that have influenced the effective communication and the other two factors have contributed to the conflict. Additionally, two effective conflict-solving strategies will be addressed in the essay. According to Erikson’s psychosocial stages of personality development, both the patient Sean and the doctorRead MoreChildren Benefit From Play By Developing Their Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social And Moral Capacities1468 Words   |  6 Pagesplay by developing their physical, intellectual, emotional, social and moral capacities. Our understanding of child development is complicated because of the numerous and varied factors that impact it. These include social, linguistic, cognitive, socio-cognitive, and cultural aspects. However, it is clear that play is an extremely important and integral aspect of a child’s development as it creates and preserves friendships. There are many types of play that children participate in. Types of play includeRead MoreMusic And Perceptions And Emotional Responses1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthat musical training can improve various cognitive processes and skills, such as the development of language, reasoning, pattern recognition, and memory. These skills can translate into other school subjects as well. This paper explores the relationship between music and perceptions and emotional responses, and also examines the cognitive benefits of musical training. In order to understand the relationship between music and cognitive processes, it is important to understand how music is perceivedRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1105 Words   |  5 Pagesscience is an interdisciplinary effort to understand the mind. Cognitive science includes a number of disciplines, five of them plus cognitive psychology lying at its core. Philosophy, the first disciple to systematically examine the mind, helps to formulate and examine the fundamental questions that define the field. Neuroscience attempts to specify the relationship between mind and brain. Artificial intelligence addresses issues if mind by modeling human thought processes with computer hardwareRead MoreLanguage, An Important Aspect Of Human Life1448 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCATION Language plays an important role in a child’s life, it’s not just a social and information tool that is used to communicate ideas and facts, but it also includes many functions such as; emotional expression, social interaction and expression of identity. These all help to develop a child’s cognitive skill and prepare them for their lives as adults. Language can also be used to help a child express themselves, to socialize with others, to learn and are used by teachers and parents to

Do Radioactive Elements Glow in the Dark

In books and movies, you can tell when an element is radioactive because it glows. Movie radiation usually is an eerie green phosphorescent glow or sometimes a bright blue or deep red. Do radioactive elements really glow like that? The Science Behind the Glow The answer is both yes and no. First, lets take a look a the no part of the answer. Radioactive decay may produce photons, which are light, but the photons are not in the visible portion of the spectrum. So no... radioactive elements do not glow in any color you can see. On the other hand, there are radioactive elements that impart energy to nearby phosphorescent or fluorescent materials and thus appear to glow. If you saw plutonium, for example, it might appear to glow red. Why? The surface of plutonium burns in the presence of oxygen in the air, like an ember of a fire. Radium and the hydrogen isotope tritium emit particles that excite the electrons of fluorescent or phosphorescent materials. The stereotypical greenish glow comes from a phosphor, usually doped zinc sulfide. However, other substances may be used to produce other colors of light. Another example of an element that glows is radon. Radon ordinarily exists as a gas, but as it is cooled it becomes phosphorescent yellow, deepening to glowing red as it is chilled below its freezing point. Actinium also glows. Actinium is a radioactive metal that emits a pale blue light in a darkened room. Nuclear reactions may produce a glow. A classic example is a blue glow associated with a nuclear reactor. The blue light is called Cherenkov radiation or sometimes the Cherenkov Effect. The charged particles emitted by the reactor pass through the dielectric medium faster than the phase velocity of light through the medium. The molecules become polarized and quickly return to their ground state, emitting visible blue light. Not all radioactive elements or materials glow in the dark, but there are several examples of materials which will glow if the conditions are right.

Alzheimer s Disease, Vascular Dementia, And Lewy Body...

Abstract Dementia has many forms and it is a decline in memory, language and reasoning. Alzheimer’s is a form of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, meaning the loss of function and stability. This is a disease that affects cognitive and physical abilities in the patient. Many people in the world have Alzheimer’s and it is in elders over the age of 65. There are lots of treatments available, but there is no cure for it. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (A.D), Caregivers, Treatments, Cognitive Dementia is caused by a decline in cognition. About 35 million people in the world have dementia and it is considered a syndrome rather than an illness. About 9%-13% of elders over the age of 65 have dementia and 2% of elders have a curable disorder, for instance major depression (Rabins, 2014). There are many factors that relate to dementia. The three types of progressive dementia are: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia (Rabins, 2014). The number one cause of dementia is A.D. The following discussion addresses the following main disease, which is Alzheimer’s and possible causes, stages of A.D., caretaking and treatment. This occurs in elders above 60 years old. Research indicates that worldwide, there is approximately 24 million people with A.D. A.D will increase over the years, so by 2020 it is estimated that there will be 42.5 million people with A.D. (Ballard et al., 2011). Three stages were determined for A.D.Show MoreRelatedDementia And Alzheimer s Dementia995 Words   |  4 PagesDementia and Alzheimer s Dementia and Alzheimer’s was discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer. He discovered both of them, dementia is like Alzheimer’s just not as severe. Dementia has several different types, these include Alzheimer s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and Front temporal dementia. The first changes you notice with dementia is Cognitive changes. These include memory loss, difficulty communicating or finding words, difficulty with complex tasks, difficulty with planningRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease, And Vascular Dementia1565 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Dementia is considered to be discovered by a German psychiatrist by the name of Alois Alzheimer. This discovery was made during the process of his examination of a patient with unusual behavior. In that discovery he found similarities that are linked to having Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is known as being a slow, yet steady decline of one’s mental ability. The disease eventually becomes so severe that it will interfere with one’s daily living ability. This is not one specific disease, butRead Moredescribe the types of dementia2053 Words   |  9 Pagestypes of dementia In this assignment I am going to be describing 3 different types of dementia. I will be looking at Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia. I will be looking at what these dementias are, what the signs are and what the symptoms are. Dementia is a common condition that affects 800,000 people in the UK, someone’s risk of developing dementia increases as you get older and the condition usually occurs in people over the age of 65 years old. Dementia is a syndromeRead MoreThe Study Of Barbara Green1644 Words   |  7 Pageshas not been taking any of her medication to treat her diabetes and heart disease. She says that if she does not prompt her mother to take the medication, she will forget to take it for days. Ivy is worried about her mother and describes instances when Barbara seems to be day dreaming and becomes confused. Sometimes Barbara does not know who Ivy is. That is worrisome. I am going to do some research on Alzheimer s and dementia, and see if Barbara could be developing either or both of these illnessesRead MoreDementia Awareness1508 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Unit 13 Dementia Awareness 1. Understand what dementia is 1.1 Explain what mean by the term dementia The word dementia describes a set of symptoms that may include memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language. Dementia is caused when the brain is damaged by diseases, such as Alzheimer s disease or a series of strokes. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are - affected by dementia The main areas of the brain that are affected by dementia in terms ofRead MoreDementia: Cerebrum and High Blood Pressure953 Words   |  4 PagesDEMENTIA AWARNESS 1.Understand what dementia is 1.1 Explain what is meant by the term dementia A syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic progressive nature in which there are multiple disturbances of higher cognitive function. These include impairment of memory, thinking and orientation, learning ability, language and judgement. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia are the temporalRead MoreEarly Signs Of A Progressive Dementia784 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressive dementia often bring discord to families, because siblings disagree on what is really wrong and chalk up the changes they are seeing to depression, boredom, a recent illness or even â€Å"allergies†. One of the family members usually suspects something like â€Å"Alzheimer’s† but the other disagree thus diagnosis is delayed. Early dementia is also known as MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) and only about half of those with this diagnosis move on to one of the more progressive dementias. So, it isRead Moredementia awareness3879 Words   |  16 PagesDEMENTIA AWARENESS Explain what is meant by the term Dementia The term dementia describes a set of symptoms which include loss of memory, mood changes, processing information and problems with communication and reasoning. These symptoms occur when the brain is damaged by certain diseases, including Alzheimer s disease and damage caused by a series of small strokes. Dementia affects older and younger people and the decline in the person will get worse as more brain cells are damaged or dieRead MoreEffects Of Dementia On The Brain Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdrinking too much, use of illegal drugs, or even just a simple vehicle accident, it can cause brain damage which can lead to dementia. Dementia isn’t necessarily a disease but rather terminology to describe a set of symptoms. â€Å"Severe impairment in intellectual capacity and personality, often due to damage to the brain† (Gazzaniga, Grison, Heatherton, 2015). In other words, dementia comes with an inability to process surroundings, a difference in character, and, depe nding in severity, complete memoryRead MoreA Look At Non Alzheimer s Disease1684 Words   |  7 PagesA Look At Non-Alzheimer’s Disease Dementias By Katie Bergstrom, PA-S ABSTRACT: The most common tendency in assessing patients who display signs of dementia is to evaluate them for Alzheimer’s Disease. This means that Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia are conversely overlooked as possible diagnoses. Special attention to clinical presentation and the use of diagnostic tests (such as the MRI) and assessment scales (like the Mini Mental State Exam) aid in

Prisoners Normative Reintegration into Society Essay

Normative reintegration into society and the resocialization of released prisoners has long been a prominent problem in society. With recidivism rates in the United States upwards of 69% it is quite clear that released prisoners are having difficulty readjusting and returning to normative lives in society (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2008). Prison aims to serve retribution, incapacitate, deter, and rehabilitate offenders, but much of the research on recidivism rates criticize the idea that â€Å"prison works† (Dhami, 2006). However, it seems with so many prisoners returning to prison within a year of being released, the prison system is not providing inmates with the rehabilitation and therapy needed to function once they return to society.†¦show more content†¦Preventing prisoners from being re-arrested and serving additional time is a true priority in the United States. The maintanace of prisons can cost taxpayers upwards of $32 billion each year. States have b een spending larger sums of money on prisons than they do on education. Within the last 20 years, the quantity of money doled out to the maintenance and management of correctional facilities has increased by 570% whereas the amount spent on elementary and secondary education was increased a mere 33% (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010). With close to 70% of prisoners going back to jail within 1 year of their release, it is blatantly obvious that our prison systems are not providing the therapy and rehabilitation needed to help released individuals achieve successful normative reintegration into society. The high recidivism rate in the United States is an unfathomably large financial hemorrhage that is taking vital resources away from things like education, health care, and other government funded programs. Our prison systems must seek new and innovative ways to help rehabilitate criminal offenders, and give them the skills and tools they need to be successful members of society. It is imperative to explore the effectiveness of animal based therapy programs on reducing the recidivism rate, and aiding in the normative reintegration of released prisoners. With suchShow MoreRelatedImprisonment And Its Effect On Society2527 Words   |  11 Pageseffect. There are also few reliable and valid measures of future offending that allow incapacitation of the appropriate offenders, therefore limiting the potential of incapacitation. Finally, only a handful of programs have positive effects on some prisoners, thus likewise limiting the potential rehabilitative effect of imprisonment. From an economic standpoint, imprisonment is also costly and inefficient. With recidivism rates increasing as time goes on, this has caused the overcrowding in our prisonRead MoreConsequences Of A Criminal Record2687 Words   |  11 PagesConsequences of a Criminal Record Criminality rates based on different societies varies between incarceration and sentencing for reasoning of the crime committed. Prison serves incapacitate criminals from committing other crimes as removal from society, and it is useful as an effective approach to crime reduction (Drago, Galbiati, Pietro, 2009). The consequences of a criminal record is much more severe than one might perceive, and it doesn’t discriminate to either gender. The real considerationRead MorePrisoners Right to Vote3654 Words   |  15 PagesShould all prisoners be given the right to vote or should it be limited only to some or to none at all? Provide a reasoned argument for your decision. Examination Code: R12630 Module Code: 6FFLK020 Date of Submission: 28/03/2013 T he majority of democratic societies recognise the right to vote as an essential human right. Despite this, there are a number of countries where leaders believe that the disenfranchisement of prisoners, merely as a result of their imprisonment, is a justified and prerequisiteRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmachine Level 3: ‘Get the structure and systems right so that all is in balance’ Level 4: ‘The machine is alive! – well, almost’ How modernist organization theory underpins conventional understandings of the relationship between organizations and society Is bureaucracy immoral? Form fits function: how modernist organizational theory challenges the relationship between individuals, groups and the organization through bureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizationalRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesCentre for Research into Sport Society, Univers ity of Leicester/ Singer Friedlander. Northcroft, J. (2003) ‘The American dream’, Sunday Times, 16 November. Northcroft, J. (2004) ‘Fergie tells Glazer to back off’, Sunday Times, 21 November. Perry, B. (2001) ‘Playing fair? Vision, values and ethics: a study of the co-existence of big business and football’, in P. Murphy (ed.), Singer and Friedlander Review, 2000–01 Season, Centre for Research into Sport Society, University of Leicester/Singer

Parrots free essay sample

The parrots are a broad order of more than 350 birds. Macaws, Amazons, lorikeets, lovebirds, cockatoos and many others are all considered parrots. Though there is great diversity among these birds, there are similarities as well. All parrots have curved beaks and all are zygodactyls, meaning they have four toes on each foot, two pointing forward and two projecting backward. Most parrots eat fruit, flowers, buds, nuts, seeds, and some small creatures such as insects. Parrots are found in warm climates all over most of the world. The greatest diversities exist in Australasia, Central America, and South America. Many parrots are kept as pets, especially macaws, Amazon parrots, cockatiels, parakeets, and cockatoos. These birds have been popular companions throughout history because they are intelligent, charismatic, colorful, and musical. Some birds can imitate many nonavian sounds, including human speech. The male African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus) is the most accomplished user of human speech in the animal world; this rain forest-dweller is an uncanny mimic. Currently the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) bans the sale of any wild-caught species, yet the parrots popularity continues to drive illegal trade. Some parrot species are highly endangered. In other cases, once tame birds have reproduced in the wild and established thriving feral populations in foreign ecosystems. The monk (green) parakeet, for example, now lives in several U. S. states. Parrots are fine-looking birds, mainly found inhabiting tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Grouped into two families, Psittacidae (true parrots) and Cacatuidae (cockatoos), they include as many as 350 species within their order. A parrot can be described as a bird with a strong curved beak, erect carriage, strong legs and clawed zygodactyl feet. Most of its species are green in color, with a few being multi-colored. Parrots are counted amongst the most intelligent birds and are very popular as pets. Given below are a number of interesting facts and some amazing information on parrots. Interesting and Amazing Information on Parrots * While eating, parrots hold their food in one of their feet, which can be either left or right, making parrots left as well as right handed. * Parrots, when not nesting, live in groups known as flocks and are prone to squawking and screaming. * Parrots, mainly pet ones, are very good at mimicking. They can easily imitate the speech and calls of other birds and animals, even humans. African gray parrots are the best mimics. * Parrots are zygodactyls i. e. they have four toes on each foot. Two of their toes point forward and two point backward. * Most of the parrots build their nests in holes in trees, termite mounts, rock cavities or ground tunnels. Only a few build stick nests. * Wild Macaws and Cockatoos can fly up to 500 miles in a day, while searching for food. * The vocalizations of some parrots can be heard for up to 1 mile. * Larger parrots can live more than 75 years, while smaller ones live up to 15 years only. Parrots cannot eat chocolate because it is poisonous to their body. * Parrots have a thick muscular tongue that helps them eat fruit, seeds, buds, nectar, and pollen. Parrots in danger. Some parrots are in danger of extinction. This includes the Spixs Macaw, of which only 7 survive in captivity. Naturalists once thought they had completely disappeared from the wild, but one was seen spotted flying in the South American rainforest. Breeding efforts have been stepped out to increase the parrots’ numbers. Three hundred and twenty-eight different species of parrots live on the Earth. Parrots are divided into groups such as cockatoos, lories, lovebirds, macaws, and parakeets. Parrots   range in size from the pygmy of the South Pacific which is only 3? inches long to the hyacinth macaw which is about 10 inches long. Much of its length is in its long tail. Parrots weigh from just a few ounces to 3? pounds. Most parrots are predominantly green, especially the ones from South America. Some American parrots are mostly blue or yellow. However, parrots may have red, green, blue, purple, white, pink, brown, yellow, and even black. They have large heads and short necks. The zygodactyolus feet of the parrot have two toes that point backwards and two toes that point forward. These toes make the parrot excellent climbers. Smaller parrots live 10 to 15 years. Larger parrots such as the macaws and cockatoos live more than 75 years. These birds reach maturity in 1 to 4 years. Wild parrots   live in the forest of tropical zones including South America, Australia, and New Guinea. A few live in Africa and mainland Asia. Parrots are hole nesters. They build their nests in holes in trees, termite mounts, rock cavities, or ground tunnels. A few exceptions will build stick nests. The thick muscular tongue helps the parrot eat fruit, seeds, buds, nectar, and pollen. Sometimes they will eat insects. Their strong beak is hooked. They feed their young by regurgitation. Parrots have a wide range of articulations. Wild parrots do not imitate. Only pets will mimic people and noises they hear. The African gray parrots are the best mimics. Some species of the parrot have become endangered. Thousands are brought to Europe and North America as pets. Many of these die making this journey. Even though there are so many different looking parrots they actually only consist of two major groups. They run the gamut from parakeets and lovebirds to amazons and macaws. These two groups are psittacidae family and cacutaidae family. The cacutaidae family has a movable head crest while the psittacidae are distinguished by their many vibrant colors. There is also a difference between these two groups in their skeletal structure and some of their biological makeup. Parrots have played a sizable role in history. There are Egyptian hieroglyphics going back 4000 years which indicate that they were pets of royal families. There are also references to them during the Greek and Roman times. Many famous historical figures, such as Winston Churchill and King Henry VIII were parrot owners as well. I find it quite interesting that even though parrots have such vibrant and varied coloring their eggs are just plain white! Parrot fossils that have been found in Europe show that the modern parrots ancestors go as far back as the Eocene period and are 50 million years old. Fossils that relate more closely to todays parrots in terms of bone structure and appearance are about 23 million years old. Even though parrots largely eat fruit, seeds, buds, nectar, and pollen in the wild they are somewhat omniverous. Sometimes they will eat insects. The â€Å"gourmets† of the parrot world, the Golden-winged Parakeets like to eat water snails and the New Zealand Kees scavenge abandoned sheep carcasses. They possess a strong, hooked beak that helps them crack nuts and have a thick muscular tongue. They feed their young by regurgitation to help them with digestion. Another interesting parrot fact is that, for the most part, parrots nest in holes. While there are a few exceptions that build regular nests, most build their homes in holes in trees, rock cavities, ground tunnels and even occasionally in termite mounds. Wild parrots can mostly be found in the tropical areas in South America, Australia, and New Guinea. Some species come from Africa and the Asian mainland. Parrots come in many shapes and sizes. The pygmy parrot of New Guinea is 3? inches long while the hyacinth macaw is closer to 40 inches long. Some macaws can grow up to five feet in length (including their tail feathers). Parrots can weigh anywhere from just a few ounces to 3? pounds. Another unique and interesting parrot trait is their zygodactyl feet. This means that parrots have two toes that point backwards and two toes that point forward. This trait makes them extremely agile. They are excellent climbers and excellent at coordinating their beaks and feet to accomplish many interesting feats. Some species of parrots are in danger of extinction. Conservation efforts are underway avoid this. The Spixs Macaw is one of the endangered species and there are only 7 in captivity. Captive breeding programs are a step in the right direction, increasing the numbers of endangered parrots. Education geared towards increasing awareness of this issue will go a long way towards correcting the problem. Probably the thing that parrots are most famous for is their ability to talk. What they are actually doing is mimicry or imitation. Oddly enough one of the more curious parrots facts is that they don’t have vocal cords. They produce sound by pushing air out of their trachea and control their pitch by changing the shape and depth of the trachea. Their ‘talking’ is actually more comparable to human whistling. With their impressive range of vocalizations parrots mimic bells, buzzers and many other sounds in addition to human speech. African Gray Parrots are said to be the best mimics of the parrot family. They are also highly intelligent and don’t just mimic, but learn associations for the words they say. Many can associate colors, shapes, numbers, sizes and more! Future parrot owners beware†¦ parrots in the wild and as flocks are some of the noisiest birds there are. It is said that some parrot vocalizations can be heard from as far as a mile away. For you, this may be one of the most important parrots facts! Whether captured in the wild or born in captivity, parrots are not domesticated animals like cats and dogs. They are still wild animals.

Expected Shortfall free essay sample

Part I describes the calculation ofVaR in its conventional form. For illustrative purposes, Part I will describe parametric VaR on a Gaussian distribution. Part II summarizes known weaknesses in VaR, from inherent model and estimation risk to VaRs failure to perform under extreme economic stress and VaRs failure to satisfy the theoretical constraints on coherent measurements of risk. Part Ill describes how to calculate expected shortfall as an extension of conditional VaR. It further describes how expected shortfall, but not VaR, provides a coherent measure of risk. Part Ill then reverses field. It explains how VaR, but not expected shortfall (or, for that matter, nearly every other general spectral measure of risk), satisfies the mathematical requirement of elicitability. Mathematical limitations on measures of risk therefore force regulators and bankers to choose between coherence and elicitability, between theoretically sound consolidation of diverse risks (on one hand) and reliable backtesting of risk forecasts against historical observations. We will write a custom essay sample on Expected Shortfall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Justin Smith Morrill Professor of Law, Michigan State University (effective July 1, 2013). This paper summarizes a presentation made on April 17, 2013, at Georgetown Law Centers colloquium on international financial regulation, conducted by Professor Christopher J. drummer. I appreciate comments by Adam Candeub and Jeffrey Sexton. Special thanks to Heather Elaine Worland Chen. Jim Chen Page 1 Electronic copy available Conventional VaR Like modern portfolio theory and the entire edifice of quantitative finance derived from those beginnings,l conventional value-at-risk analysis assumes that risk is rguably represents the most important tool for evaluating market risk as one of several threats to the global financial system. Basel II identifies a version ofVaR analysis as that accords preferred tool for assessing banks exposure to market risk. 4 Authorities around the world have endorsed VaR, either as a regulator standard or as a best practice. Even absent regulatory compulsion, private firms routinely use VaR as an internal risk management tool, often directing traders to reduce exposure below the level prescribed by those firms own VaR limits.