Tradition paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Custom paper - Essay Example The main homecoming occasion began with a football coordinate between Pomona College and Wildcats. During the memorable second, Pomona school group lost to Wildcats before a horde of the 1,500 University of Arizona graduated class. The custom proceeded yearly with regular homecoming football match-up as the opening shot. From that point, the custom got popular, and different games joined including competitors. Homecoming convention has changed since its origin in 1914. The convention began with a noteworthy football match-up on the evening before a horde of roughly 1,500 individuals. Right now, homecoming convention has developed into the biggest and most well known occasion in school history. Likewise, to the expanded number of homecoming occasion participation, authorities of the custom have expanded the quantity of exercises and festivities done by the graduated class. In addition, homecoming custom has advanced from when it used to enlist unreservedly members to the present state including choosing homecoming sovereigns and rulers. Moreover, homecoming occasion authorities hold colossal motorcades with progressively specialized materials. The custom has additionally planned mascots. It is obvious that the praxis of homecoming sovereign and ruler started after World War II. During the homecoming occasion, understudy board would ordinarily choose a homecoming sovereign before the ruler. Nonetheless, the custom of choosing the ruler elevated in 1983. From that point, homecoming occasion started a praxis of delegated sovereign and King at pre-game event arranged near Old Main and at the blaze. Homecoming march had additionally advanced from when understudy board worked it at along the lanes of downtown Tucson. From there on, march moved to the University of Arizona shopping center where it formed into the biggest and engaging procession. The most generally went to occasion among homecoming exercises remembers tents for the shopping center next to the football match-up. Tents on the shopping center occasion comprised of different

Reducing the lifecycle cost of oil and gas facility by use of Essay

Lessening the lifecycle cost of oil and gas office by utilization of reproduction - Essay Example During tasks, oil and gas enterprises cause lifecycle costs that influences their creation limit and cost of creation. Lifecycle costs incorporate repeating and other nonrecurring costs acquired by an organization during a specific operational period. Oil and gas organizations acquire lifecycle cost through establishment of new offices, support, and overhauling of the current offices. Offices in the organizations have clear life expectancy and thusly the organizations experience an extra when shutting them down With these expenses to consider, the organizations are worried about the potential choices to cut or lessen the impacts of the life expectancy cost. So as to dispose of or limit lifecycle cost, oil organizations depend on arranging making reenactments a valuable apparatus. Reproductions are models applied by the organizations to decide the practicality of an office before its initiation (Gorski, 2006). This paper subsequently investigates the advantages accomplished from use o f reproductions in the decrease of lifecycle cost in oil and gas organizations. A portion of the manners by which reproduction is applied to lessen lifecycle cost Evaluation and examination of various methodologies for substitution Evaluation and correlation of elective procedures for item use Evaluation and examination of various structures Optimal distribution of accessible assets of exercises during the time spent item advancement During their life expectancy, most organizations are gone up against with circumstances where they have to settle on significant choices on whether to shut down an office or to change a business methodology. In such circumstances, the organizations experience lifecycle costs that influence their creation. Such organizations can apply reenactment models to decide if they have to shut down the current office or they have to improve its proficiency. Utilizing reenactments the supervisors of the influenced organizations can decide if they have to embrace an other business, technique or to alter the current methodology to accommodate their activities. Also oil and gas organizations constantly resign old offices as they put in new offices, these procedures costs the organization a great deal of cash and accordingly the organizations need to settle on suitable choice. Reproductions come in as the most fitting apparatus that the organizations need apply when settling on key administration and operational choices. Utilizing reproduction models vital administrators of an organization can assess profits by elective choices. With reenactment models, supervisors can decide choices and arrangements that best accommodates their organizations. Recreations in this manner empower the organizations to decrease vulnerability when settling on significant choice that worries their activity. Organizations in the oil and gas industry consistently have new activities expected to improve their tasks and offices. The new offices depend intensely on structure s and in this way the organizations are consistently keeping watch for the most proper plan. The organizations need to assess the reasonableness of these plans before picking the most suitable structure (Petra, 2004). Utilizing reproduction models, organizations can decide the most suitable plan from the potential decisions. The organizations additionally need to pick the most effective structure from the accessible prospects; this requires information examination and projections that can't be accomplished without the genuine office. Be that as it may, with reenactments key supervisors of the organizations can decide and assess the proficiency of such models through an examination recreation models information (Lanner, 2008). Prior to propelling another item into the market or starting a task, oil and gas organizations need to assess their financial reasonability. In this procedure, reenactment models stands apart as the most suitable device for application. Utilizing the models, or ganizations can anticipate the market’s reaction towards another item. Organizations, for example, Shell Company use ADENT reenactment procedures to assess the feasibility of its new items in potential markets. The device is

Free Argumentatives Police Brutality Argume Essay Example For Students

Free Argumentatives: Police Brutality Argume Essay ntative Persuasive Essays Police Brutality Police work is risky. Once in a while police put in circumstances that unnecessary power is required. Yet, in light of the fact that a few officials utilize these outrageous gauges in circumstances when it isn't, police mercilessness ought to be tended to. The utilization of inordinate power could conceivably be huge issue, however it ought to be investigated by both the police and general society. For those individuals who feel bigotry isn't a factor in causing the utilization of over the top power, here is a surprising actuality. In Tampa Bay, Florida, five men passed on while in the care of the Tampa Bay police Department (C.C. 27). The thing is, the Tampa Bay Police Department is comprised of generally white officials, however of the five men who passed on, none where white. Four of the five men that kicked the bucket where African Americans, and the other man was a Mexican National. On the off chance that the episode in Tampa Bay doesn't show an individual prejudice, this occasion might. In New York City, a normal of seven Latin Americans were executed a year between 1986 to 1989, however in 1990, that number expanded enormously. In that year, twenty-three Latin Americans were executed by police gunfire. When gotten some information about prejudice being engaged with police ruthlessness, Yussuf Naimkly of the University of Regina remarked: Unreasonable police power against blacks has consistently been endured, in light of the fact that as a officially subjugated minority African Americans are caught in a social setting explicitly intended to hinder their turn of events and in this manner limit their danger to white authority (C.C. 72) Official Director of Police Misconduct Lawyers Referral Service Karol Heppe remarked, Brutality against minorities is an every day event in Los Angeles, she says. The distinction this time is somebody recorded it (C. C. 36). Another stunning occurrence of police fierceness happened in Reynoldsberg, Ohio. A gathering of workplaces named themselves S.N.A. T. crew. This abbreviation stood for Special Nigger Arrest Team and they made it a point to irritate African Americans at whatever point. The quantity of individuals murdered by police has gone down from the center 1970s to the center 1980s in significant urban areas, says Patrick V. Murphy, previous head of police commissions in Detroit, New York, and Washington, D.C. (C.C. 17). Additionally, in Kansas City, Missouri, a police division there has 1,110 officials. Incredibly, the main got roughly 108 objections from the open about those 1,100 officials. Adding to the conviction that police fierceness isnt an extremely enormous issue, most lawful specialists and authorities concur that the utilization of unnecessary power by cops is going down. Indeed, they state that they see mercilessness declining from twenty years prior (C.C. 57). Police severity is characterized as including the pointless and unjustified utilization of power be that either physical or verbal. Gerald Williams, leader of the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) remarked, Let me guarantee you we are focused on an expert degree of policing with an accentuation on decency, mankind, and uprightness (C.C. 168). Other than the police halting ruthlessness inside, the utilization of regular citizen audit sheets can be utilized. These sheets must have the option to get all the proof for a situation, including the police sound tapes, so as to make reasonable judgment if over the top power was utilized or not. On the off chance that unnecessary power is available in cases, these survey sheets must have the option to rebuff the police or they are nearly futile. Regardless of whether an individual accepts police mercilessness is a major issue, it must be halted. At times, where more power is required than in others, it is still there. Indeed, even in territories where police and the utilization of extreme power is .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 , .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .postImageUrl , .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 , .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2:hover , .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2:visited , .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2:active { border:0!important; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2:active , .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucc0 8019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucc08019737293fc40cc56ea9676fc7b2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Kite Runner By F. Scott Fitzgerald model Essaynot a tremendous issue, it must be diminished appropriately by both the police and the open. At long last, there should be rules ensuring it never happens again. Reference index Berands, Neal. Police Brutality: Recognizing Stereotypes Dudley, William. Police Brutality. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1991 Skalnick, Jerome H. furthermore, James J. Frye. Exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else: Police and the utilization of Excessive Force Suspects in Question Time. 5 April 1993:31 Layout Proposal: But, on the grounds that a few officials utilize these extraordinary estimates when it isn't required, police fierceness ought to be tended to. I. Police Brutality A. Bigotry as a reason II. Police Brutality isn't an issue A. Statements from specialists B. Insights of Declining Brutality III. Halting Police Brutality A. Police Stopping themselves B. Open Stopping Police IV. End A. Revamp Thesis .

Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process Engineering Essay

Liquid Catalytic Cracking Process Engineering Essay Presentation Liquid synergist breaking process, which is presently over 60 years of age, is the foundation of the vast majority of the oil treatment facilities. It has demonstrated to be the most-proficient procedure accessible for the transformation of gas oils and buildup into progressively significant lighter hydrocarbons. Numerous purifiers believe the synergist breaking procedure to be the most noteworthy benefit creating unit in the whole processing plant. In prior occasions, Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) was worked comprehensively in two modes, they are; Greatest fuel mode Greatest distillate mode Yet, with the coming of Reformulated fuel (RFG), these are currently worked in most extreme olefin mode. FCCU is an exceptionally advanced unit with numerous elements influencing one another and the general procedure. In certain procedures examination of components sway is finished by transforming each factor in turn while keeping different elements consistent. If there should arise an occurrence of FCCU it is essentially difficult to acquire an unmistakable sign; as, change in one single factor prompts change(s) in at least one different variables. This entire marvel is a characteristic outcome of the warmth equalization of FCCU. On the off chance that the unit is to work at consistent state, at that point the unit must be in heat balance condition. At this stage the warmth necessity in the reactor is fulfilled by consuming coke in the regenerator and moving the vitality to the reactor through circling hot impetus. Warmth balance around the reactor-regenerator can be utilized to ant icipate the impacts of procedure changes in spite of the fact that the specific level of the progressions might be hard to set up. It is slowly and carefully point of view and fairly hard to nail down precise numbers without a cautious investigation of yields and coke laydown rates as influenced by evolving factors. In this work a plant information is taken as reference and dependent on that, computations have been done to discover the net warmth of endothermic responses happening in the riser reactor, expecting that the unit is working at consistent state and that the riser is an isothermal one. At that point according to the items record, a 7-lumped model is considered from different written works and dependent on the energy of responses, rate conditions are shaped and with the information on accessible motor parameters the differential temperature drops along the tallness of the riser are determined. Procedure DESCRIPTION In excess of twelve sorts of FCCU are working around the world. Be that as it may, the essential plans of all these sort continue as before. FCCU includes two sections; Riser reactor, in which synergist splitting responses happen Regenerator, in which consuming of coke (kept during breaking) from the synergist destinations is finished Figure 1 shows a schematic chart of a run of the mill FCCU. The feed is preheated in a heater and (Figure: 1-Schematic Diagram of an ordinary FCCU) infused at the base of the riser alongside a limited quantity of steam. This steam helps in scattering of feed, great atomization and diminishes coke development by diminishing the halfway weight of hydrocarbon fumes. The feed is hence disintegrated when it interacts with the hot impetus from regenerator. The hydrocarbon fumes so framed experience endothermic splitting responses on their way up through the riser. The extension of item fumes happens through the length of the riser and the gas speed increments with diminishing gas thickness. Hot impetus particles give the reasonable warmth and inactive warmth necessities for disintegrating the fluid feed and furthermore endothermic warmth of response for the breaking responses. After a specific good ways from the section zone of the riser, the fluid feed is totally disintegrated. Splitting responses proceed with the fumes climbing in the riser and the temperature is dropped along the length of the riser because of endothermic nature of breaking. The synergist breaking is begun and furthermore finished in a brief timeframe inside the riser reactor where the impetus is pushed upward by consolidating steam at different areas along the length of the riser and hydrocarbon fumes. Blend of impetus and hydrocarbon fume goes up in the riser into the reactors. Steams infused at various areas in the riser are as per the following, Cushioning steam at the base of the riser Scattering steam alongside new feed injectors Riser weakening steam over the new feed injectors Scattering steam alongside reuse stream injectors Air circulation steam into the riser J curve to fluidize the impetus Alongside this some different areas are there where steam is infused. They are as per the following; Spent impetus standpipe air circulation steam Recovered impetus standpipe air circulation steam Reactor extinguish steam Reactor vault steam Post riser extinguish steam Stripping steam into strippers Blend of impetus and hydrocarbon fume is released from the riser to the riser violent wind gathering. The heft of the spent impetus is isolated from item fumes in the twister gathering. On the off chance that fundamental the fumes leaving the riser violent winds are directed into auxiliary typhoon get together situated inside the reactor vessel. Isolated impetuses move through every typhoon plunge leg into the stripper. Item fumes leave the reactor typhoons and stream into the primary fractionator through the reactor overhead fume line. Extinguish steam is infused inside the reactor vessel to lessen the temperature, in order to limit post riser warm breaking responses and coke development. Reactor arch steam is given to clear hydrocarbons and stay away from dead territories on the reactor vessel that may prompt warm breaking and coking around there. The isolated impetus from the riser and reactor tornado congregations enters the impetus stripper. As the impetus streams down the stripper, it gets peeled off the entrained hydrocarbon fumes by the up streaming steam. Stripping upgrades the item recuperation and decreases the remainder of hydrocarbon to the regenerator alongside the spent impetus thereof. Cushioning steam guarantees the fluidization of the coursing impetus. Taken impetus from the stripper streams into the regenerator thick bed through the spent impetus standpipe (SCSP). Impetus level in the stripper is kept up by spent impetus slide valve (SCSV). Air circulation steam is given in the SCSP to guarantee legitimate stream and fluidization of spent impetus. Coke adsorbed on the spent impetus during splitting response is been expelled in the regenerator by consuming off the coke with air. Air is provided from the air blower to the regenerator through numerous merchants. Air is additionally presented at various areas of the regenerator, they are as per the following; T-lattice air Recovered impetus standpipe (RCSP) container air circulation air RCSP air circulation air Regenerator lightening air at the base close to the J twist The regenerator can be worked in two modes; Halfway ignition mode Complete burning mode For halfway ignition mode, a CO kettle is expected to change over CO to CO2. The present conversation is for finished burning mode regenerator. Vent gas from the recovered thick bed streams to the two phase regenerator violent wind get together. Here the entrained impetus is isolated from the vent gas. The isolated impetus streams back to the thick bed through twister plunge legs. Pipe gas from the tornado streams out from top of the regenerator through a pipe gas line. All out wind current to the regenerator is controlled dependent on the ideal degree of oxygen in vent gas. Too low O2 focus will cause coke develop on recovered impetus and CO discharge from regenerator. Too high O2 focus will prompt regenerator cooling. In this way, regenerator vent gas is consistently analyzed for O2, CO, CO2, NO2, SO2 examination. FEED CHARACTERIZATION The main steady in FCC activity is the regular change in feedstock quality. That is the reason two feeds with comparable breaking point extents can show tremendous contrasts in splitting execution and item yields. Feed portrayal is one of the most significant exercises in checking the FCC procedure. Feed portrayal is the way toward deciding physical and synthetic properties of the feed. Understanding feed properties and furthermore knowing their effect on units execution is a basic thing. Inconvenience shooting, impetus choice, unit enhancement and resulting process assessment, all rely upon feedstock. Feed portrayal relates item yields and characteristics to take care of value. Scientific procedures like mass spectrometry are complex and not commonsense for deciding total arrangement of FCC feedstock. More straightforward experimental relationships are regularly utilized. They are as per the following; oAPI gravity and UOP K Bubbling reach Normal breaking point Carbon buildup Metals Sulfur, Nitrogen and Oxygen oAPI gravity and UOP K It is a particular gravity relating the thickness of oil to the thickness of water. The exact equation for this is; oAPI 131.5 (3.1) Feed to a FCC can extend from 15o to 45o API. In the event that the API gravity builds the charge stock will split all the more promptly and for a similar response temperature there will be more noteworthy change. Also at a consistent change level, there will be more noteworthy gas yield with marginally lower octane. An unpleasant sign of the amounts of paraffin present is a portrayal factor which relates breaking point to explicit gravity, is known as the UOP K factor. This is given by; (3.2) Where: CABP = cubic normal breaking point, oR SG = explicit gravity at 60 oF Higher the UOP K esteem more is the paraffinic idea of the feedstock. Bubbling Range The bubbling scope of FCC feed differs from an underlying purpose of 500oF to an endpoint of about 1000oF. There are two breaking point ranges which are utilized to portray the lighter material in the feed. They are; Percent over 430oF Percent over 650oF The first measures the measure of gas in the feed. The subsequent one measures the light fuel oil in the charge. Normal breaking point Normal breaking point of the FCC feed relies upon the normal sub-atomic weight. An in

Summer Before Senior Year

Summer Before Senior Year May 16 Spend your summer months wisely. Attending a summer program at a top college isnt spending your summer wisely in the eyes of admissions officers at top colleges. No matter what they state publicly. How should you be spending your summer before your senior year? You should be going to a highly selective university like Duke, Johns Hopkins, or Stanford to partake in their prestigious summer programs, right? It would seem logical. After all, if you want to go to Stanford, wouldnt enrolling in the Stanford Pre-Colegiate Summer Institute make sense? Wrong, wrong, wrong. Its a trap. A big trap. As weve said many times before on this blog, in publications across America, and on Huffington Post Live, these summer programs at highly selective colleges are sleepaway camps. College admissions officers at highly selective colleges arent impressed that mommy and daddy spent over $10,000 for you to go to the Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institute. They dont care how selective the admissions process was for you to be able to attend. And btw, its not all that selective. What they see is that mommy and daddy can afford to send you to camp, that you couldnt come up with any genuinely creative way to spend your summer, and you think attending such a program will impress in the college admissions process. Quite simply, it wont. But, wait, heres how Stanford describes their program on their website: The Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes are three-week and four-week residential programs for academically talented and motivated high school students. The Summer Institutes provide an opportunity for these students to enrich and accelerate their academic pursuits and to meet other students who share their interests and abilities.  Summer Institutes participants live in supervised Stanford housing and are taught by Stanford instructors. Students engage in intensive study in a single course and are introduced to topics not typically presented at the high school level. The Summer Institutes provide a taste of college life in the beautiful surroundings of the Stanford campus. It goes on to say, Summer Institutes subject areas include arts and humanities, business, computer science, engineering, legal studies, mathematics, social science, physical and biological science, and writing. The instructors are assisted by undergraduate and graduate student mentors who have expertise in the course subject areas. These mentors serve a dual role of Residential Counselor and Teaching Assistant so that the academic and social aspects of the program are tightly integrated. Thats nice. Think about it. Theyre selling you. They want your $10,000. Itll help build a new library. That doesnt mean attending such a program will help you get into Stanford much less any other highly selective college across America. In fact, it could hurt your chances.

Article Review Example on Death and Dying in Nursing

Nursing Articles Review Example on Death and Dying Article 1 The article by Dawn and Ginny examines under-treatment of pain among patients at advanced age, above 70 years. Although pain relief must be available for all patients, this group continues to experience the highest level of under-treatment. The authors note that there are three main factors that often result in pain under-treatment in older patients. They include fallacies concerning aging, challenges in accessing treatment, and admission of pain related stigma.

The Relationship Between the Mind and Language Development...

Language is the most important means of interaction for a person’s development; and a beautiful gift. Our thoughts, feelings, needs and wants make us human. But in order to share the emotions, one needs to communicate through the use of language. The practice of language is highly important from the early years. I intend to look at the relation to how language rules the mind. Along with this, one will see how language facilitates one’s thinking power and its implications. Language plays an important role in one’s life and we’ll see a few psychologists’ view on this. Noam Chomsky states language is acquired by LAD, a Language Acquisition Device (Bruce, T., Meggit, C. 2002 ). Especially wired for learning, our brain is divided into†¦show more content†¦A child that has English as a second language who has come from Japan finds it difficult to understand the teacher because he’s used to learning in Japanese language. The contradiction here is that he will have differences in culture language which may lead to confusion. Differences in culture occur when children experience different environments. In many cultures children are not supposed to communicate or give their thoughts if elders are talking. I personally find this wrong because they need to express themselves and build their self confidence. Culture differences are everywhere in the world, but it is the diversity that helps a child know the truth. If they are unable to communicate, they will be unable to give thoughts and develop cognitively as well as linguistically. Without the environment, language acquisition becomes disabled. Culture, like language although different amongst individuals carries similarities allows you to develop literary skills. Children need to be nurtured with a kind of environment that they live in. The sensitive period of learning begins from birth to 6 years. From birth, a child babbles, looks at pictures and listens to words in order to grasp a language. Speaking, writing and the use of signs and symbols are the main ways a child. Positive relationships exchange of ideas between people who respect each other are the most important factors in language development and aShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Autism985 Words   |  4 PagesAutism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication (Grandgeorge, Hausberger et al., 2009). The group that I have chosen for this study are children from the ages of 2 to 12 years. I chose this topic because it has always fascinated me, as well as I have a personal experience with this topic, my 10 year old cousin has autism. At the age of 2 he was diagnosed with autism and his parents were able to prepare him for his futureRead MoreSocial Development : Learning The Values, Knowledge And Skills896 Words   |  4 PagesSocial development involves learning the values, knowledge and skills that allow child ren to connect with others effectively and to participate in positive ways to family, school and the community. This kind of learning is transferred onto children directly by those who care for and teach them, as well as indirectly through social relationships within the family or with friends, and through children’s contribution in the culture around them. Through their relationships with others and their growingRead MoreThe Child s Language Development1475 Words   |  6 Pages600 words (Owens, 2004). Toddlers at this age have increased mastery of consonants and can produce sentences that are four or five words long. Language transitions to a tool that is used to explore the interrogative â€Å"why?† which helps the toddler ask abstract questions and learn more about their environment. Five year-olds use more adult-like language, but aspects of their syntactic structure may be missing. Expressive vocabulary encompasses about 2,200 words by age five (Owens, 2004) and schemasRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1675 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent aspects of theory of mind (ToM) and in a different order when compared with typically developing children (Kimhi, 2014). ToM influences social functioning and understanding of others (Peterson et al., 2016) Studies have shown that individuals with ASD perform lower on ToM tasks than typically developing individuals (Kimhi, 2014). Children with ASD may have a disadvantage because research has shown that ToM is influenced by other factors such as age, IQ, and language abilities (Kimhi, 2014; PetersonRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Social Rules1726 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide a social explanation of how language is acquired. This includes an examination of such influences as the social characteristics of the setting and the learner and the social rules for second language use. While typically associated with these models, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which is based in his stud y of psychology, does not attempt to use culture to explain how language is acquired. Instead, Vygotsky identifies the relationship between language and culture as a dynamic, reciprocalRead MoreEffective Communication And Communication Between The Doctor And Patient Based On The Fourth Clip1569 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the evidence of lifespan development stages and its relevance to communication between the doctor and the patient based on the fourth clip. It will also provide illustrations of two factors that have influenced the effective communication and the other two factors have contributed to the conflict. Additionally, two effective conflict-solving strategies will be addressed in the essay. According to Erikson’s psychosocial stages of personality development, both the patient Sean and the doctorRead MoreChildren Benefit From Play By Developing Their Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social And Moral Capacities1468 Words   |  6 Pagesplay by developing their physical, intellectual, emotional, social and moral capacities. 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In order to understand the relationship between music and cognitive processes, it is important to understand how music is perceivedRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1105 Words   |  5 Pagesscience is an interdisciplinary effort to understand the mind. Cognitive science includes a number of disciplines, five of them plus cognitive psychology lying at its core. Philosophy, the first disciple to systematically examine the mind, helps to formulate and examine the fundamental questions that define the field. Neuroscience attempts to specify the relationship between mind and brain. Artificial intelligence addresses issues if mind by modeling human thought processes with computer hardwareRead MoreLanguage, An Important Aspect Of Human Life1448 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCATION Language plays an important role in a child’s life, it’s not just a social and information tool that is used to communicate ideas and facts, but it also includes many functions such as; emotional expression, social interaction and expression of identity. These all help to develop a child’s cognitive skill and prepare them for their lives as adults. Language can also be used to help a child express themselves, to socialize with others, to learn and are used by teachers and parents to

Do Radioactive Elements Glow in the Dark

In books and movies, you can tell when an element is radioactive because it glows. Movie radiation usually is an eerie green phosphorescent glow or sometimes a bright blue or deep red. Do radioactive elements really glow like that? The Science Behind the Glow The answer is both yes and no. First, lets take a look a the no part of the answer. Radioactive decay may produce photons, which are light, but the photons are not in the visible portion of the spectrum. So no... radioactive elements do not glow in any color you can see. On the other hand, there are radioactive elements that impart energy to nearby phosphorescent or fluorescent materials and thus appear to glow. If you saw plutonium, for example, it might appear to glow red. Why? The surface of plutonium burns in the presence of oxygen in the air, like an ember of a fire. Radium and the hydrogen isotope tritium emit particles that excite the electrons of fluorescent or phosphorescent materials. The stereotypical greenish glow comes from a phosphor, usually doped zinc sulfide. However, other substances may be used to produce other colors of light. Another example of an element that glows is radon. Radon ordinarily exists as a gas, but as it is cooled it becomes phosphorescent yellow, deepening to glowing red as it is chilled below its freezing point. Actinium also glows. Actinium is a radioactive metal that emits a pale blue light in a darkened room. Nuclear reactions may produce a glow. A classic example is a blue glow associated with a nuclear reactor. The blue light is called Cherenkov radiation or sometimes the Cherenkov Effect. The charged particles emitted by the reactor pass through the dielectric medium faster than the phase velocity of light through the medium. The molecules become polarized and quickly return to their ground state, emitting visible blue light. Not all radioactive elements or materials glow in the dark, but there are several examples of materials which will glow if the conditions are right.

Alzheimer s Disease, Vascular Dementia, And Lewy Body...

Abstract Dementia has many forms and it is a decline in memory, language and reasoning. Alzheimer’s is a form of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, meaning the loss of function and stability. This is a disease that affects cognitive and physical abilities in the patient. Many people in the world have Alzheimer’s and it is in elders over the age of 65. There are lots of treatments available, but there is no cure for it. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (A.D), Caregivers, Treatments, Cognitive Dementia is caused by a decline in cognition. About 35 million people in the world have dementia and it is considered a syndrome rather than an illness. About 9%-13% of elders over the age of 65 have dementia and 2% of elders have a curable disorder, for instance major depression (Rabins, 2014). There are many factors that relate to dementia. The three types of progressive dementia are: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia (Rabins, 2014). The number one cause of dementia is A.D. The following discussion addresses the following main disease, which is Alzheimer’s and possible causes, stages of A.D., caretaking and treatment. This occurs in elders above 60 years old. Research indicates that worldwide, there is approximately 24 million people with A.D. A.D will increase over the years, so by 2020 it is estimated that there will be 42.5 million people with A.D. (Ballard et al., 2011). Three stages were determined for A.D.Show MoreRelatedDementia And Alzheimer s Dementia995 Words   |  4 PagesDementia and Alzheimer s Dementia and Alzheimer’s was discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer. He discovered both of them, dementia is like Alzheimer’s just not as severe. Dementia has several different types, these include Alzheimer s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and Front temporal dementia. The first changes you notice with dementia is Cognitive changes. These include memory loss, difficulty communicating or finding words, difficulty with complex tasks, difficulty with planningRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease, And Vascular Dementia1565 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Dementia is considered to be discovered by a German psychiatrist by the name of Alois Alzheimer. This discovery was made during the process of his examination of a patient with unusual behavior. In that discovery he found similarities that are linked to having Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is known as being a slow, yet steady decline of one’s mental ability. The disease eventually becomes so severe that it will interfere with one’s daily living ability. This is not one specific disease, butRead Moredescribe the types of dementia2053 Words   |  9 Pagestypes of dementia In this assignment I am going to be describing 3 different types of dementia. I will be looking at Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia. I will be looking at what these dementias are, what the signs are and what the symptoms are. Dementia is a common condition that affects 800,000 people in the UK, someone’s risk of developing dementia increases as you get older and the condition usually occurs in people over the age of 65 years old. Dementia is a syndromeRead MoreThe Study Of Barbara Green1644 Words   |  7 Pageshas not been taking any of her medication to treat her diabetes and heart disease. She says that if she does not prompt her mother to take the medication, she will forget to take it for days. Ivy is worried about her mother and describes instances when Barbara seems to be day dreaming and becomes confused. Sometimes Barbara does not know who Ivy is. That is worrisome. I am going to do some research on Alzheimer s and dementia, and see if Barbara could be developing either or both of these illnessesRead MoreDementia Awareness1508 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Unit 13 Dementia Awareness 1. Understand what dementia is 1.1 Explain what mean by the term dementia The word dementia describes a set of symptoms that may include memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language. Dementia is caused when the brain is damaged by diseases, such as Alzheimer s disease or a series of strokes. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are - affected by dementia The main areas of the brain that are affected by dementia in terms ofRead MoreDementia: Cerebrum and High Blood Pressure953 Words   |  4 PagesDEMENTIA AWARNESS 1.Understand what dementia is 1.1 Explain what is meant by the term dementia A syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic progressive nature in which there are multiple disturbances of higher cognitive function. These include impairment of memory, thinking and orientation, learning ability, language and judgement. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia are the temporalRead MoreEarly Signs Of A Progressive Dementia784 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressive dementia often bring discord to families, because siblings disagree on what is really wrong and chalk up the changes they are seeing to depression, boredom, a recent illness or even â€Å"allergies†. One of the family members usually suspects something like â€Å"Alzheimer’s† but the other disagree thus diagnosis is delayed. Early dementia is also known as MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) and only about half of those with this diagnosis move on to one of the more progressive dementias. So, it isRead Moredementia awareness3879 Words   |  16 PagesDEMENTIA AWARENESS Explain what is meant by the term Dementia The term dementia describes a set of symptoms which include loss of memory, mood changes, processing information and problems with communication and reasoning. These symptoms occur when the brain is damaged by certain diseases, including Alzheimer s disease and damage caused by a series of small strokes. Dementia affects older and younger people and the decline in the person will get worse as more brain cells are damaged or dieRead MoreEffects Of Dementia On The Brain Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdrinking too much, use of illegal drugs, or even just a simple vehicle accident, it can cause brain damage which can lead to dementia. Dementia isn’t necessarily a disease but rather terminology to describe a set of symptoms. â€Å"Severe impairment in intellectual capacity and personality, often due to damage to the brain† (Gazzaniga, Grison, Heatherton, 2015). In other words, dementia comes with an inability to process surroundings, a difference in character, and, depe nding in severity, complete memoryRead MoreA Look At Non Alzheimer s Disease1684 Words   |  7 PagesA Look At Non-Alzheimer’s Disease Dementias By Katie Bergstrom, PA-S ABSTRACT: The most common tendency in assessing patients who display signs of dementia is to evaluate them for Alzheimer’s Disease. This means that Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia are conversely overlooked as possible diagnoses. Special attention to clinical presentation and the use of diagnostic tests (such as the MRI) and assessment scales (like the Mini Mental State Exam) aid in

Prisoners Normative Reintegration into Society Essay

Normative reintegration into society and the resocialization of released prisoners has long been a prominent problem in society. With recidivism rates in the United States upwards of 69% it is quite clear that released prisoners are having difficulty readjusting and returning to normative lives in society (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2008). Prison aims to serve retribution, incapacitate, deter, and rehabilitate offenders, but much of the research on recidivism rates criticize the idea that â€Å"prison works† (Dhami, 2006). However, it seems with so many prisoners returning to prison within a year of being released, the prison system is not providing inmates with the rehabilitation and therapy needed to function once they return to society.†¦show more content†¦Preventing prisoners from being re-arrested and serving additional time is a true priority in the United States. The maintanace of prisons can cost taxpayers upwards of $32 billion each year. States have b een spending larger sums of money on prisons than they do on education. Within the last 20 years, the quantity of money doled out to the maintenance and management of correctional facilities has increased by 570% whereas the amount spent on elementary and secondary education was increased a mere 33% (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010). With close to 70% of prisoners going back to jail within 1 year of their release, it is blatantly obvious that our prison systems are not providing the therapy and rehabilitation needed to help released individuals achieve successful normative reintegration into society. The high recidivism rate in the United States is an unfathomably large financial hemorrhage that is taking vital resources away from things like education, health care, and other government funded programs. Our prison systems must seek new and innovative ways to help rehabilitate criminal offenders, and give them the skills and tools they need to be successful members of society. It is imperative to explore the effectiveness of animal based therapy programs on reducing the recidivism rate, and aiding in the normative reintegration of released prisoners. With suchShow MoreRelatedImprisonment And Its Effect On Society2527 Words   |  11 Pageseffect. There are also few reliable and valid measures of future offending that allow incapacitation of the appropriate offenders, therefore limiting the potential of incapacitation. Finally, only a handful of programs have positive effects on some prisoners, thus likewise limiting the potential rehabilitative effect of imprisonment. From an economic standpoint, imprisonment is also costly and inefficient. With recidivism rates increasing as time goes on, this has caused the overcrowding in our prisonRead MoreConsequences Of A Criminal Record2687 Words   |  11 PagesConsequences of a Criminal Record Criminality rates based on different societies varies between incarceration and sentencing for reasoning of the crime committed. Prison serves incapacitate criminals from committing other crimes as removal from society, and it is useful as an effective approach to crime reduction (Drago, Galbiati, Pietro, 2009). The consequences of a criminal record is much more severe than one might perceive, and it doesn’t discriminate to either gender. The real considerationRead MorePrisoners Right to Vote3654 Words   |  15 PagesShould all prisoners be given the right to vote or should it be limited only to some or to none at all? Provide a reasoned argument for your decision. Examination Code: R12630 Module Code: 6FFLK020 Date of Submission: 28/03/2013 T he majority of democratic societies recognise the right to vote as an essential human right. Despite this, there are a number of countries where leaders believe that the disenfranchisement of prisoners, merely as a result of their imprisonment, is a justified and prerequisiteRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmachine Level 3: ‘Get the structure and systems right so that all is in balance’ Level 4: ‘The machine is alive! – well, almost’ How modernist organization theory underpins conventional understandings of the relationship between organizations and society Is bureaucracy immoral? Form fits function: how modernist organizational theory challenges the relationship between individuals, groups and the organization through bureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizationalRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesCentre for Research into Sport Society, Univers ity of Leicester/ Singer Friedlander. Northcroft, J. (2003) ‘The American dream’, Sunday Times, 16 November. Northcroft, J. (2004) ‘Fergie tells Glazer to back off’, Sunday Times, 21 November. Perry, B. (2001) ‘Playing fair? Vision, values and ethics: a study of the co-existence of big business and football’, in P. Murphy (ed.), Singer and Friedlander Review, 2000–01 Season, Centre for Research into Sport Society, University of Leicester/Singer

Parrots free essay sample

The parrots are a broad order of more than 350 birds. Macaws, Amazons, lorikeets, lovebirds, cockatoos and many others are all considered parrots. Though there is great diversity among these birds, there are similarities as well. All parrots have curved beaks and all are zygodactyls, meaning they have four toes on each foot, two pointing forward and two projecting backward. Most parrots eat fruit, flowers, buds, nuts, seeds, and some small creatures such as insects. Parrots are found in warm climates all over most of the world. The greatest diversities exist in Australasia, Central America, and South America. Many parrots are kept as pets, especially macaws, Amazon parrots, cockatiels, parakeets, and cockatoos. These birds have been popular companions throughout history because they are intelligent, charismatic, colorful, and musical. Some birds can imitate many nonavian sounds, including human speech. The male African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus) is the most accomplished user of human speech in the animal world; this rain forest-dweller is an uncanny mimic. Currently the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) bans the sale of any wild-caught species, yet the parrots popularity continues to drive illegal trade. Some parrot species are highly endangered. In other cases, once tame birds have reproduced in the wild and established thriving feral populations in foreign ecosystems. The monk (green) parakeet, for example, now lives in several U. S. states. Parrots are fine-looking birds, mainly found inhabiting tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Grouped into two families, Psittacidae (true parrots) and Cacatuidae (cockatoos), they include as many as 350 species within their order. A parrot can be described as a bird with a strong curved beak, erect carriage, strong legs and clawed zygodactyl feet. Most of its species are green in color, with a few being multi-colored. Parrots are counted amongst the most intelligent birds and are very popular as pets. Given below are a number of interesting facts and some amazing information on parrots. Interesting and Amazing Information on Parrots * While eating, parrots hold their food in one of their feet, which can be either left or right, making parrots left as well as right handed. * Parrots, when not nesting, live in groups known as flocks and are prone to squawking and screaming. * Parrots, mainly pet ones, are very good at mimicking. They can easily imitate the speech and calls of other birds and animals, even humans. African gray parrots are the best mimics. * Parrots are zygodactyls i. e. they have four toes on each foot. Two of their toes point forward and two point backward. * Most of the parrots build their nests in holes in trees, termite mounts, rock cavities or ground tunnels. Only a few build stick nests. * Wild Macaws and Cockatoos can fly up to 500 miles in a day, while searching for food. * The vocalizations of some parrots can be heard for up to 1 mile. * Larger parrots can live more than 75 years, while smaller ones live up to 15 years only. Parrots cannot eat chocolate because it is poisonous to their body. * Parrots have a thick muscular tongue that helps them eat fruit, seeds, buds, nectar, and pollen. Parrots in danger. Some parrots are in danger of extinction. This includes the Spixs Macaw, of which only 7 survive in captivity. Naturalists once thought they had completely disappeared from the wild, but one was seen spotted flying in the South American rainforest. Breeding efforts have been stepped out to increase the parrots’ numbers. Three hundred and twenty-eight different species of parrots live on the Earth. Parrots are divided into groups such as cockatoos, lories, lovebirds, macaws, and parakeets. Parrots   range in size from the pygmy of the South Pacific which is only 3? inches long to the hyacinth macaw which is about 10 inches long. Much of its length is in its long tail. Parrots weigh from just a few ounces to 3? pounds. Most parrots are predominantly green, especially the ones from South America. Some American parrots are mostly blue or yellow. However, parrots may have red, green, blue, purple, white, pink, brown, yellow, and even black. They have large heads and short necks. The zygodactyolus feet of the parrot have two toes that point backwards and two toes that point forward. These toes make the parrot excellent climbers. Smaller parrots live 10 to 15 years. Larger parrots such as the macaws and cockatoos live more than 75 years. These birds reach maturity in 1 to 4 years. Wild parrots   live in the forest of tropical zones including South America, Australia, and New Guinea. A few live in Africa and mainland Asia. Parrots are hole nesters. They build their nests in holes in trees, termite mounts, rock cavities, or ground tunnels. A few exceptions will build stick nests. The thick muscular tongue helps the parrot eat fruit, seeds, buds, nectar, and pollen. Sometimes they will eat insects. Their strong beak is hooked. They feed their young by regurgitation. Parrots have a wide range of articulations. Wild parrots do not imitate. Only pets will mimic people and noises they hear. The African gray parrots are the best mimics. Some species of the parrot have become endangered. Thousands are brought to Europe and North America as pets. Many of these die making this journey. Even though there are so many different looking parrots they actually only consist of two major groups. They run the gamut from parakeets and lovebirds to amazons and macaws. These two groups are psittacidae family and cacutaidae family. The cacutaidae family has a movable head crest while the psittacidae are distinguished by their many vibrant colors. There is also a difference between these two groups in their skeletal structure and some of their biological makeup. Parrots have played a sizable role in history. There are Egyptian hieroglyphics going back 4000 years which indicate that they were pets of royal families. There are also references to them during the Greek and Roman times. Many famous historical figures, such as Winston Churchill and King Henry VIII were parrot owners as well. I find it quite interesting that even though parrots have such vibrant and varied coloring their eggs are just plain white! Parrot fossils that have been found in Europe show that the modern parrots ancestors go as far back as the Eocene period and are 50 million years old. Fossils that relate more closely to todays parrots in terms of bone structure and appearance are about 23 million years old. Even though parrots largely eat fruit, seeds, buds, nectar, and pollen in the wild they are somewhat omniverous. Sometimes they will eat insects. The â€Å"gourmets† of the parrot world, the Golden-winged Parakeets like to eat water snails and the New Zealand Kees scavenge abandoned sheep carcasses. They possess a strong, hooked beak that helps them crack nuts and have a thick muscular tongue. They feed their young by regurgitation to help them with digestion. Another interesting parrot fact is that, for the most part, parrots nest in holes. While there are a few exceptions that build regular nests, most build their homes in holes in trees, rock cavities, ground tunnels and even occasionally in termite mounds. Wild parrots can mostly be found in the tropical areas in South America, Australia, and New Guinea. Some species come from Africa and the Asian mainland. Parrots come in many shapes and sizes. The pygmy parrot of New Guinea is 3? inches long while the hyacinth macaw is closer to 40 inches long. Some macaws can grow up to five feet in length (including their tail feathers). Parrots can weigh anywhere from just a few ounces to 3? pounds. Another unique and interesting parrot trait is their zygodactyl feet. This means that parrots have two toes that point backwards and two toes that point forward. This trait makes them extremely agile. They are excellent climbers and excellent at coordinating their beaks and feet to accomplish many interesting feats. Some species of parrots are in danger of extinction. Conservation efforts are underway avoid this. The Spixs Macaw is one of the endangered species and there are only 7 in captivity. Captive breeding programs are a step in the right direction, increasing the numbers of endangered parrots. Education geared towards increasing awareness of this issue will go a long way towards correcting the problem. Probably the thing that parrots are most famous for is their ability to talk. What they are actually doing is mimicry or imitation. Oddly enough one of the more curious parrots facts is that they don’t have vocal cords. They produce sound by pushing air out of their trachea and control their pitch by changing the shape and depth of the trachea. Their ‘talking’ is actually more comparable to human whistling. With their impressive range of vocalizations parrots mimic bells, buzzers and many other sounds in addition to human speech. African Gray Parrots are said to be the best mimics of the parrot family. They are also highly intelligent and don’t just mimic, but learn associations for the words they say. Many can associate colors, shapes, numbers, sizes and more! Future parrot owners beware†¦ parrots in the wild and as flocks are some of the noisiest birds there are. It is said that some parrot vocalizations can be heard from as far as a mile away. For you, this may be one of the most important parrots facts! Whether captured in the wild or born in captivity, parrots are not domesticated animals like cats and dogs. They are still wild animals.

Expected Shortfall free essay sample

Part I describes the calculation ofVaR in its conventional form. For illustrative purposes, Part I will describe parametric VaR on a Gaussian distribution. Part II summarizes known weaknesses in VaR, from inherent model and estimation risk to VaRs failure to perform under extreme economic stress and VaRs failure to satisfy the theoretical constraints on coherent measurements of risk. Part Ill describes how to calculate expected shortfall as an extension of conditional VaR. It further describes how expected shortfall, but not VaR, provides a coherent measure of risk. Part Ill then reverses field. It explains how VaR, but not expected shortfall (or, for that matter, nearly every other general spectral measure of risk), satisfies the mathematical requirement of elicitability. Mathematical limitations on measures of risk therefore force regulators and bankers to choose between coherence and elicitability, between theoretically sound consolidation of diverse risks (on one hand) and reliable backtesting of risk forecasts against historical observations. We will write a custom essay sample on Expected Shortfall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Justin Smith Morrill Professor of Law, Michigan State University (effective July 1, 2013). This paper summarizes a presentation made on April 17, 2013, at Georgetown Law Centers colloquium on international financial regulation, conducted by Professor Christopher J. drummer. I appreciate comments by Adam Candeub and Jeffrey Sexton. Special thanks to Heather Elaine Worland Chen. Jim Chen Page 1 Electronic copy available Conventional VaR Like modern portfolio theory and the entire edifice of quantitative finance derived from those beginnings,l conventional value-at-risk analysis assumes that risk is rguably represents the most important tool for evaluating market risk as one of several threats to the global financial system. Basel II identifies a version ofVaR analysis as that accords preferred tool for assessing banks exposure to market risk. 4 Authorities around the world have endorsed VaR, either as a regulator standard or as a best practice. Even absent regulatory compulsion, private firms routinely use VaR as an internal risk management tool, often directing traders to reduce exposure below the level prescribed by those firms own VaR limits.

The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Example Essay Example

The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Example Paper The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Introduction Bakery organisation is one of the most successful bakeries cross the nations. It has experienced considerably growth from the local market transit to internationally. Additionally, the unreliable external environment, technology implementation, strategy flexibility and also the company size expansion are the four crucial elements that definitely influence the company’s structure formulation. ABC Bakery company mission statement: Value your every life is value ours.It has built on our commitment to provide the possible highest quality of baked goods to the customer, and continuously inspire a culture of trust and satisfaction in the workplace. People is the key of our company both our customers and employees. On the one hand, our first responsibility is to value customers. The company cater to our customer in a quite professional manner by proving a high quality goods and service with a competitive price, simultaneously obtaining and holding their respect and loyalty so that ac hieving sufficient profits for its future growth.On the other hand, we are gaining a deep responsibility to our employees. Our company is continuously seeking to hire the best possible employees and provide opportunity to develop their potentials. In the meanwhile, we are committed to maintain a safe work environment for all those employed. The following specific tasks will further explain how the company attempt to complete the accomplished mission. Firstly of all, a comprehensive research is the primary step for the ABC Bakery Company. The external environment plays a vital role at the first stage.For example, populations of the particular area, people’s preferences of bread taste and the competitor around those areas. The business should be adaptive and innovative among the intense competitors. In addition, production design and custom service is another important task. Environmental friendly structure design which concentrate on investigating ways to reduce plastic conten t and trial more sustainable materials within our bakeries. The following ABC Bakery company chart 1 will illustrate a specific task for each department which is responsible for a certain outcome.At the first stage, there are 5 department of the company. The Accounting department is responsible for the total quality of outputs and inputs and providing the accurate number of gains and loss. The marketing manager is in charge to make sure the company’s advertising and the recent tend of the bakery field. Besides this, HR is taken charge to attract the most talents to work for the company. Additionally, the responsibility of sales and operation department is to providing the possible highest quality services and goods to meet the customers’ needs. After three years operation, our company has been quite successful.As a result, I would like to open up the second bakery shop where is located just a few miles away from the current one. Because of the location advantage, the c ompany is utilising the cost-effective strategy and acquire the economic of scale to reduce the possible cost. It is a quite vertical structure design for efficiency and centralised authority. For instance, the second location is responsible for providing the final goods for customers. The first location is in charge for all the producing process and also responsible for sales. The two companies sharing the equipments to manufacturing the goods that is definitely bring efficiency.However, it still has problems. The company structure design for efficiency is operating well, but this would prevent the company from innovation. It is widely accepted that the external environment is change rapidly and competition of bakery industry is quite strong (Stahi Grigsby, 2007). The customer is seems like to seek more various favours of the bakery products. The performance of the second location is going down after opening for a period of time. The goods quality is still maintain quite well but the company can not meets the changing needs of customers.Moreover, the second locations employees have rarely communication with the other staff of the first shop. When the company undergone a poor performance, the employees form different locations start to complain with each other. As a result, the employees’ performance declines as well. For the sake of satisfy both the customers and employees needs, the company decided to purchase brand new equipment for the second location and change the vertical organisation structure to a more flexible one and more concentrate on learning. Additionally, the employees are at a change routine process.All the staff requite work to different locations depended on the working shift. It would assist employees get along well with each other from different locations. The business has grown to five locations in two cities in five more years. Different locations have influenced the structure formalisation and the external environment uncertaint y would be another changeling for the company. In order to maintain a good control and coordination with the different branch, the company applied a quite flexible management coordination structure but a relatively centralised operational decision making structure.However, the different location across two cities may have quite dissimilar taste of customers. The five branches should preserve a high quality of the goods and service to the customers and in the mean while offering more various or new products due to the local preference. On the other hand, each branch should have its own supply channel to achieve efficiency. Based on the Woodward Classification of System Production theory, the company would apply the small batch and unit policy which focus on customised products (Daft, 2009).Moreover, it applies a flexible manufacturing technology which aligned the structure with technologies. The advanced production equipment might be used to improve the efficiency. The business has e xpanded into five states with seventy-five locations 20 years later. The extent market brings profits but also changelings. Obviously, the totally different culture of the 5 states requires the business must obtain a quite flexible structure to be adapted with the local culture. The different language, people preferences are the main problems for the business. The bigger size equals more complexity.The organisation must do a quite lot of research of the local culture and the competitors around the new environment. On the other hand, maintaining an accurate and frequent feedback of each state performance is another challenge. Due to the long distance of the business location, the communication of each location seems like quite difficult. However, in order to keep in touch with the each business, the company sets up roles that every month each location’s supervisor should provide a detailed report about the company performance to the head office supervisor. In this way, every l ocation is maintaining a touch with the performance.On the other hand, the head office might send people to supervise different locations performance and recall them back to give a report about the sales performance of each location. The customer satisfaction is about everything. The mission of the bakery company is to provide the possible highest quality to satisfy customer’s needs. In order to obtain a quite rapidly feedback from customers, every location should open up a formal customer service department which aims to concentrate on customers’ satisfactions or any positive suggestions and negative feedback for the company further development.In addition, the ABC Bakery implemented a 360 degree feedback information flow among each company. The strategy is focused on a quite flat and open system and every one in the company is equal and should contribute their efforts to improve the company performance. Culture is representing a company’s soul. Although the bu siness is expanded to 5 states but the head office of the ABC bakery culture must remain the same. Each state president must deliver the main office culture value so that solidify the whole organisation’s spirit. Due to the culture different in each state, various products may cater to different locations.But one thing is not change is the company’s culture. Providing the possible highest quality to the customers and in the meanwhile satisfy our employees in the most content. Social responsibility is other significant element to maintain the organisation has a healthy development (Hanson, 2008). Environmental friendly strategy must keep in mind of the company. Our bakery company are striving to establish the most effective way to recycle. Take for an example, our company working with local suppliers, local government and local councils.Moreover, our company are investigating measures to reduce content and trail more sustainable materials within our bakeries. On the oth er hand, our company constantly ensure to reduce excess packing and refine our packaging to be more environmental friendly. To sum up, there is no denying that ABC Bakery is operating quite successfully during these periods. Our mission is to value and satisfy the external customers and internal employees. As the company experienced an expansion to the markets, it has undergone certain challenging and issues. Opportunity is coupled with risks.Additionally, the company alter its structure due to the external environment change and implement the different strategy as a result of its structure change. Efficiency or effectiveness is the primary concern and simultaneously maintain a flexible coordination strategy is another essential element for success between the various business locations. On the other hand, a deep culture understanding plays a crucial role though out the whole organisation management. The strategy implementation should be aim at environmental friendly which would ass ist the company obtain a sustainable development. The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

SAT Essay Prompts With Sample Essays

SAT Essay Prompts With Sample EssaysStudents are given a lot of options when it comes to their SAT essay prompts, and it is a great idea to use a few samples for this aspect of the exam. It is also very beneficial to work with an experienced writer who is experienced in writing essays on a topic that they will be able to take care of all the grammatical issues that students may find. Using an experienced essay writer is not just good for you; it can also mean that your student receives a better grade than if they use a less experienced writer.In order to determine which essays to choose from, students should look at SAT essay prompts with sample essays Gioia offers. These prompts are geared toward different types of questions that students may have and what kind of essay that would help them answer these questions best. If they do not know the material well enough, they will need a professional writer to ensure that they write a very good essay.When students are searching for SAT ess ay prompts with sample essays Gioia provides, they should also take into consideration what type of essay they will be writing as well. For example, if they are looking for something that will be used for a research paper, they should look into the topics of how to research a topic, writing a persuasive essay, how to write a strong argument, and how to use statistics. In addition, these samples may also take them through the process of writing an essay on issues of society and politics as well as comparing and contrasting how different types of cultures work together in the workplace.The first thing that any student should remember when searching for SAT essay prompts with sample essays Gioia provides is that they need to read over each sample essay before they begin. This will give them an idea of what to expect as well as what type of essay they will be writing. After students have finished reading each sample, they should then start writing their own essays, knowing that they wil l be using some of the examples found in the essay. To start writing an essay with a sample, students should go over the first paragraph and write the introduction for their essay. In addition, they should then write the body of the essay and write the conclusion of the essay. They should also consider making changes or rearranging some of the points that they will be addressing.As an example, students should consider the topic of a business school in the United States as they begin to write their SAT essay. They will want to make sure that they take a look at the essay prompts with sample essays Gioia provides to get an idea of what the essay will contain. Once they have finished reading the sample, they should then look over the outline that is provided and ensure that they have followed the outline closely.Students should also make sure that they write out the parts of the essay they need to address in an outline form. They should make sure that they do not miss any points that w ill be addressed in the essay and make sure that they explain each point. With this essay outline, students will know exactly what they are writing about, as well as what to discuss next.In order to determine which SAT essay prompts with sample essays Gioia provides will help students achieve their goal of writing an essay that will be impressive, students should read over each sample to get an idea of what they will be writing about. After they have read it once, they should then write it out to write an outline. After they have completed this outline, they should then look over the sample essay that they have written and ensure that they are following it closely.

Mercy Among Children

Mercy Among Children Mercy Among Children tells the story of Sydney, a man who was separated from his family for various reasons and who had to find ways and means to fend off the loneliness that was beginning to consume him. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mercy Among Children The Story About Homesick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He had a sense of sadness that comes from the pit of the stomach, that aching for familiarity that he knew to be homesickness. It was difficult for him to be away from his family for so long. It was later on that he discovered that by reading books, he could feel that he was no longer alone. He was a proud man. He would never admit to others that he missed his family, nor that he wanted to go home. Instead, he hid his homesickness by reading books. The books broke his sense of isolation. His character explained within the story that when one is reading books: you are not alone even along this broken tra ctor road. You need to know nothing else. (Mercy Among The Children) Whether he admitted it to himself or not, he missed his family. To quote from the story itself: he was ready to go home. He would walk nine miles out to the highway and catch the bus back to the Miramichi. Tomorrow night he would be with Elly again. he would hold and kiss Percy. He thought of the miles ahead of him and they seemed an insult; he wanted them to be gone in a second. (Mercy Among The Children) The longing for the love and care of his family was the source of his homesickness. Yet he tried to stay away for three long years so he could provide a better future for them. He sacrificed his personal happiness for them. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Homesickness was a perennial illness for him and he knew that the only cure was to finally go home to the people he cared for and loved him back. Now , Sydney found himself ready and very much excited to go home, and go home he did. Being a student who is currently living in a foreign land, I find mysel ffully identifying with the sadness that Sydney felt. Sometimes, homesickness becomes unbearable,. Even though I know that I am doing this for my and my familys future, it does not lessen the pining that I have for my family. This was a new world for me. It was world where I barely spoke and understood the language, nor did I have any friends. Time has not changed my longing for the presence of my family in my daily life. Now I realize that the saying You never know what you had till you lose it is true. I used to take my mother and fathers care for granted. I got so used to having them there for me all the time that it has become almost impossible for me to adjust to life without them, without the creature comforts that home offered me. In this world, I make do with phone calls to my family, hearing their words of love and com fort that are meant to keep me strong but only weaken my resolve not to miss them in the process. These days, I do not have the unconditional support of my family to fall back on. I am constantly surrounded by people and yet I feel so alone and lonely. I guess it is already obvious that just like Sydney in the story, I am consumed by homesickness and wish for nothing more than to finally go home to the loving embrace of my mother and father. The only thing that gives me the strength to go on with my life here, is the knowledge that eventually, I will be back home in Cambodia, and my homesickness will finally come to an end. It is not easy to be homesick. It takes a lot of effort to get through the day when you are dealing with it. But just like Sydney, you will find a way to make the loneliness go away. Then it wont hurt so much and you can have a semblance of a life. Until the time comes when you can finally go home.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mercy Among Children The Story About Homesick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

8 Tips to Stay Organized During College Application Season

As you prepare to apply to colleges, you might feel a bit like a circus clown trying to juggle a dozen bowling pins while also taking AP calculus. Or maybe not, but either way, there is a lot to manage and it doesn’t always come easily, even to students who have generally been very organized and responsible about keeping up with all their commitments in the past. Applying to college is a little different from most responsibilities you’ve probably had before. For one thing, the stakes are certainly high. If you’re successful, you will feel as though the road to your future is paved in gold, but if you’re not, you may feel you’re left to blaze your own trail. Beyond that, applying to college is generally something you have to do without a ton of oversight or guidance. Sure, you can meet with your guidance counselor and discuss choices with your parents, but ultimately it is you who is making big decisions about the future and you who is responsible for making those decisions possible. Finally, you have to do all this while also continuing to succeed in school and extracurriculars. You probably don’t have a ton of extra time, yet here you are, juggling this very important process that could determine your future. This is where comes in. We’re not just used to this frenzy; we actually thrive in it. Here, we unveil some of our top tips for keeping organized during the chaos of college applications. To learn about our top eight organizational tips for applying to college, keep reading. You are about to have a lot of paper to keep track of, and it’s best to have a system in place before it starts to pile up. If you don’t have access to some space in a filing cabinet at home, you can purchase a travel hanging file box or an accordion folder to get started. Start a file for every school on your college list and include in it everything you’ve received from those schools. Also add contact information for anyone you’ve spoken with there. Include notes about visits, pros and cons, and any other important information you’d like to be able to review easily. Also keep files for finances. There should be one file for financial aid paperwork and another for each scholarship you’re interested in applying for. These folders should contain copies of any important documents or applications, along with records of the dates you submit your paperwork. Finally, keep a folder for standardized tests. Include copies of your score reports so that you will be able to access them without needing to go online every time. Also include a calendar of test dates and registration deadlines. Procrastination is your worst enemy during college applications season. If you put off one task, it will only snowball towards the deadlines for other important tasks. There are many small ways to stay a step ahead, and if you are consistent with them you won’t feel as hurried when the time comes to complete them. Begin by staying on top of your college list as your interests grow and adapt throughout high school. Ideally, you aren’t sitting down to a blank slate your senior year and already have some kind of list in progress, even if only in your head. Also get ahead of standardized tests. Plan to take them initially as a junior and allow plenty of time for studying and retakes so that you won’t be stressed later on. Finally, you can get a head start on your personal statement by brainstorming about possible essay topics during your junior year, even before essay prompts have been released. Although you might not know the exact spin you’ll need to put on it, most essay choices are broad enough that if there’s something you’re really inclined to write about, you’ll find a way to make it work. Then, keep an eye out in August for the release of most essay prompts so that you can get to work on tailoring your ideas to them as early as possible. These days, with so much of our lives are governed by technology; this tip almost goes without saying. While you probably already know to put all important dates, deadlines, and other commitments into an online calendar, you need to go one step further and ensure that this calendar syncs across all your devices. Also be sure to set notifications to alert you to important deadlines and commitments with enough lead time to prepare. For example, if you have an SAT registration deadline coming up, it would be wise to set a notification for both the day before and then again for an hour before, just to be certain that you get it done. Synced calendars ensure that you’ll get these notifications across your devices and are bound to notice at least one before time expires. Your school’s guidance counselor may have valuable connections or insights into the schools you’re applying to. Make an appointment to meet with this person early in the year, before the mad rush begins. This also allows you time to seek input from other sources afterwards as needed. If your guidance counselor doesn’t turn out to be especially helpful in the process, seek out other trusted adults like teaches, coaches, or mentors. It’s important to have a large support network as you undertake college applications, and you never know when one of these people might be able to help you with important tasks or networking. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. You have a lot to stay on top of, and editing your college essay can become a brain-numbing task. Of course you may easily catch large typos, but sometimes after reading and rereading the same piece of writing again and again, it all begins to blend together a little, and you’re bound to miss some little (or even big) mistakes. Avoid this by using an essay editing service. Having a professional read through your essay ensures that it’s grammatically and structurally sound, and the services generally start at fairly affordable prices. Check out ’s Essay Editing service to learn more. Everything is easier with a friend. Find a friend who is applying on a similar timeline as you and help to hold one another accountable for deadlines and other steps in the application process. Setting a notification on your phone might be a good way to remind yourself that the first draft of your personal statement should be done, but it certainly won’t invite you to a study date at the library to work on it side by side. Having a visual for what needs to be completed can be particularly helpful for certain kinds of learners. Put all colleges on your list into a spreadsheet that includes each of the various tasks and stages involved in the college application process, then check off the various fields as you complete them. For some students, it’s especially helpful to print this spreadsheet or create it on a large poster board so that it can be displayed prominently someplace that they will see it every day. Even for the most organized of high school students, college applications can be a particularly challenging time. The stakes are high, emotions have a tendency to run hot, and the process is almost certainly new to you. There’s no shame in asking for help, and hiring a professional to help you keep track of everything can be a smart investment. At , we offer a personally tailored College Application Guidance Program that pairs you with a personal admissions specialist who walks you through the process step by step. Our tech platform allows you to easily track deadlines, so that you’re certain you won’t miss a thing. We also offer the Pro Bono program to qualified students. Don’t let the college application process overwhelm you. If you take things one step at a time and up your organization game to ensure that there’s no last-minute frenzy, you will be able to tackle each step as the calm, cool, and collected applicant you are.

The Progress of Women in Pakistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Progress of Women in Pakistan - Essay Example Muslim reformers like Sir Syed Ahmed tried their best to educate the Muslim women of the subcontinent (Virdee). There were a lot of hurdles for women, imposed by the society, and attainment of education in the sub-continent was not an easy task for women of that time. Many women participated in public rallies during the Pakistan movement and women leaders took active part in the movement along with the wives of the Muslim leaders. After independence, Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah became a symbol of inspiration for the Pakistani women. She was the sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, and was very politically as well as socially active. The provision of reserved seats for women existed all through the constitutional history of Pakistan. They had the right of suffrage from independence (D. S. Ahmed 32-42). But the quota was, at the beginning, almost negligible. The progress of women in Pakistan suffered a great set back in the 1980’s, during the dictatorship of Zia-ul -Haq. He formulated and imposed oppressive laws that ran counter to the true spirit of Islam as he introduced his own radical extremist approach to Islam. On the other hand, this dark period for the women of the country was followed by the election of the first woman to be the prime minister of an Islamic state; Benazir Bhutto which was a big achievement for a woman belonging to a predominantly patriarchal society. Another major hurdle in the way of the progress of Pakistani women has been, and still is to this day, the strong feudal system. Women are still seen as objects of use, or rather misuse in feudally administered areas. Statistics show that violence against women is the greatest in these areas. This first decade of the 21st century saw the condition of women in Pakistan improve significantly, with inductions of ladies being carried out in all three armed forces in operational capacity. The proportion of women in the parliament has seen sizeable increase compared to the yest eryears. Women have access to equal education and are being inducted in all fields on equal pays. But the patriarchal mindset has not subsided, and women face discrimination and gender based prejudice and harassment in the workplaces. EFFECTS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM The constitution of Pakistan is mostly based on the principles of Islam. In its true essence, Islam is a very moderate religion that gave women the right to suffrage and inheritance when the west was still in the dark ages. The much debated ‘Hadood Ordinance’ is a section of the law that deals largely with the punishments regarding limitations imposed on men and women individually and together. Some of the clauses are a distortion of the true limitations present in the Holy book of the Muslims; the Quran. The requirement of four witnesses to prove a woman’s claim that she had been sexually molested raised a storm of protest and criticism by the more sane minded people of the civil society (Khan 34). The l aw said that a woman could be held guilty of adultery herself if she fails to produce 4 male witnesses. This law was amended under the women protection bill of 2006 under the orders of Pervez Musharraf (Prisoners".). The women protection bill came under a lot of scrutiny from the radical religious factions who charged Musharraf with meddling with

History and Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

History and Political Science - Essay Example They believed that the subjects under any rule were supposed to be controlled. These subjects were allowed little freedom in terms of actions or expressions1. The military leaders and capitalists believed that if people were given freedom of action and expression, they would exploit the chances in the pursuit of their self-interests. This would compromise the issue of national security and would result in disloyalty to the leaders. The military rulers were convinced that a society could fall into an abyss of political disorganization, which they mainly blamed on democracy. According to these rulers, an uncontrolled population may turn chaotic, and this will result in general disorganization of the political system of a society. Military rulers believed that the chaotic state of affairs may take a considerably long time to stabilize. This will lead to a great setback in the development of a nation. In addition to the issue of sovereignty, these military rulers were the leading advocat es of capitalism. They wanted to accumulate wealth for their own personal interests2. They realized that the national boundaries could not allow them to respond to the increasing system of production, which was a result of capitalism. They acknowledged that the resources available in their nations were inadequate to contain the expansion of productions in tandem with capitalism. This made the rulers to concentrate on breaking down the national boundaries through acts of aggression like wars. Therefore, these leaders believed in administering the varying levels of coercion and aggression in controlling the subordinate’s actions, and in wealth accumulation through capitalism3. On the other hand, the educated citizens and activists were indifferent to this style of governance used by military rulers like the fascists. According to their ideology, the rule of law should be given a chance in any human population. The scholars advocated for the adoption of the constitution. These s cholars acknowledged that for a more civilized state, there must be the participation of the people in the governance of a state. For a more secure and stable society, the leaders should be in the fore front in protecting the law. The population should be allowed participation through the election of representatives in the committees of administration. These representatives will push towards promotion of the population’s happiness and in fighting for the safeguard of his/her people’s rights4. The main ideology held by the advocates of constitutionalism and parliamentary representation is that the population must have a stake in formulating the guidelines to be used in governing them. For example, in a constitutional governing system, the consent of the representatives must be obtained. This allows humane formulation of the rules to be adopted in the constitution. On the contrary, the legislative power practiced by the military rules gives no room for the public’ s participation in matters of legislations. The whole power remained in the hands of the sovereign rulers and was not bestowed to the people. This was contrary to the ideology of those opposing rule of the whip, which allows little or no participation of their subjects in matters of governance. What pushed the development of the constitutionalism ideology was the need to implement a revolutionary socialism. The enlightened members of the population

The Devils Disciples :: Essays Papers

The Devils Disciples King James II’s rise to power in the 1680s became an extremely turbulent time for all under his reign. This was primary due to Catholic versus Protestant relations. Unlike his brother Charles II, James II openly professed his Catholic beliefs and granted religious freedom to all. Aside from religious toleration, his appointing of Catholics to high government posts enraged the Protestant colonialists even more. One individual was Governor Andros. He wrongfully imposed taxes, took way self-governing systems, ended jury trials, and oppressed Puritan beliefs. Peter Hoffer gives the reader an account of the Salem witch trials through the story of the Barbadian minister Parris, his daughter Betty, and his slave Tituba. In certain places, he eludes to mini-stories and small history explanations to help the reader better understand the Puritans way of thinking and Titunba’s African back round. Parris is called to Salem Town for a temporary position. However, through a town feud between two powerful Puritan families, Parris’ position soon becomes permanent. Like all small Puritan villages, Salem Town is a struggling Utopia. After James II leaves the throne, Governor Andros is murdered. The evasive Utopia, lost governor, struggling economy, cold winters, and deadly sicknesses that plague Salem Town put the residences faith to a test. One might ask why the Puritans, a religious sect thought to be quite holy, should have the most witchery. Hoffer explains how the Puritans â€Å"holy† attitudes and beliefs are partially the cause of their problems. Each Puritan village is a highly structured and disciplined society. The goal of each of these settlements is to achieve Utopia or something close to it. They fail to reach anything close. Because of this, many Puritans blame their problems on outside forces. Although somewhat educated, they attribute any discrepancies as the Devil’s work. More often than not, the victims were women and the suspects were women, raving the possibility that witchery and accusations of witchery were the way the struggling Puritans coped with their situation. This in not to say the belief in witches came about during this time. The belief in witches was widespread long before the witch trials. In fact, the government recognized its presence by making â€Å"malefician† (b ad magic) a felony. Witches were said to have certain meeting places, which were never actually seen, in which they held secret meetings and unholy rituals. Although no one ever saw a real witch gathering, this superstition was a mainstream belief.

Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America

In Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America,1 Morris Fiorina takes aim at the contention that there is a culture war in America, that our society is badly divided and polarized so that we are rapidly falling into two competing camps ready to do battle with one another. It is a bold argument.The idea that a culture war is raging in America is a staple of certain media outlets, especially AM talk radio, where the likes of Michael Savage, Bill O’Reilly, and Rush Limbaugh on the right, and Thom Hartman, Randi Rhodes, and Al Franken of left-leaning Air America constantly sound alarms, crying that whichever barbarians they dread are about to storm the temple. Against this popular belief, Morris Fiorina has impressive credentials: he taught at for ten years at CalTech, for sixteen years at Harvard, and he is now a senior fellow at the Hoover Institute and holds an endowed chair in political science at Stanford University.Using sophisticated sampling data, Fiorina shows that the A merican public holds a range of diverse opinions, but finds that instead of being increasingly polarized, the American public has generally been moving to the center of the political spectrum on many issues. Consider an issue which he admits is a â€Å"hot button† item: homosexuality. Fiorina finds that the American public has gradually but steadily become more accepting of homosexuals over the past 30 years.True enough, the public does not accept homosexual marriage, nor did they accept opening the military to gays, but these are not the entire question of homosexuality. On the issue of being willing to accept homosexuals in general, the public attitude has shown increasing moderation. To establish this, Fiorina considers polls in which the sample group was asked to rate homosexuals on a â€Å"thermometer†scale, in which 100 is total acceptance, and 0 is total rejection. In 1984, homosexuals earned a â€Å"0†³ score from 30 percent of Americans.By 2000, the perc entage of â€Å"0†³ scores has dropped to just 10 percent, and the overall acceptance rating for homosexuals has risen from 30 percent to 49 percent. (84) While these ratings do not show that homosexuals have managed to escape the stigma under which they have been compelled to live, they show that the shocking divide in which the issue is often portrayed does not exist. Similarly, the abortion issue, long considered the most divisive of social issues, is decidedly less divisive than it is pictured in popular media.A clear majority of Americans now support the basic decision in Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court abortion case. More than 65 percent of Americans support a strong right to choose. (54) Further, attitudes as to when abortion should be allowed are virtually unchanged since 1973. As of 1999, the last year for which Fiorina has data, 88 percent of Americans believe that abortion should be allowed if the life or health of the pregnant woman was seriously endangered. (5 5) In 1973, the number was 87 percent.If, like Fiorina, we accept the norm that a change of four percent or less in a survey of this type is not statistically significant, then the only factor about which the surveys have asked which has seen a statistically significant change is the right to a woman to have an abortion based on a claim that she has an income so low that she cannot afford another child. Even in this situation, some 40 percent of the general population would allow the abortion. (55) The change in attitudes, such as it is, is in the percentage of Americans who believe that all abortion is murder.While this saw a slight rebound in the late 1990s, it has fallen from 22 percent in 1973 to 18 percent, and since Roe, it has never been above 25 percent. (71) Another remarkable finding that Fiorina uncovered is that men and women have virtually identical attitudes on abortion, even though they differ markedly in their views on other issues. (71-72) The percentage of men and women who believe that abortion should be legal under all circumstances has varied between 21 and 36 percent for women, and between 20 and 30 percent for men, with the difference between sexes never being more than six percent.The percentage of men and women believing that abortion should be illegal under all circumstances has run between 15 and 23 percent for women and between 13 and 21 percent for men, with never more than a difference of four percent. (71) By contrast on other issues, the difference between men’s and women’s attitude is far more marked. Responding to the suggestion that all handguns except those carried by police or other persons in authority should be illegal, only 28 percent of men agree; 48 percent of women agree.Regarding the â€Å"caning† of an American teenage arrested in Singapore for acts of vandalism, 61 percent of men approved of the punishment; only 39 percent of women approved. While 43 percent of men consider themselves conservat ive, only 29 percent of women do. (72) In short, while abortion does not appear to be as divisive an issue as it is portrayed, there are other issues on which there is division. Fiorina presents a sweeping array of data, all of which shows far less division than is generally assume to exist.This raises a natural question: if there are fewer deep divisions than Americans believe, why do Americans believe that there are such division? Fiorina points to several sources, including political parties, media, and pundits. Media and pundits want to portray conflict, because conflict sells. (115-23) As the quip goes, â€Å"If it bleeds, it leads. † To reach his conclusions, Fiorina has to delve into sophisticated statistical models.The reader wishing to follow his argument in detail faces a daunting task, because Fiorina uses three dimensional statistical models ass he works through assumptions about voter and candidate behavior. (118-24) In the end, Fiorina argues that it is not the general populace that is divided, but the elites, the people who are active in party work. (125-31) In their turn, the elites are the most accessible to and the most accessing of the media and the pundits. (141-42) Party elite organizations tend to be strongly self-selecting.Only a true believer among Republicans can rise far through the Republican party organization; only a true believing Democrat gets to the top of the Democratic party. Once in the elite, these people tend to demand equal zeal from anyone else wanting admission, and to select people with the same ideals to join the elites. The result is set of self-perpetuating cadres of zealots, who believe, or at least would like to believe that they stand on the ramparts and fight for the Lord. In Fiorina convincing? He would probably find a certain irony in the response: maybe.Any serious reader must give pause. There is comfort in the idea is that we are not becoming constantly more polarized. Still we are conditioned to beli eve we are polarized. That idea appears so often that a refutation is hard to accept. But anyone who reads this book will probably ponder if Fiorina is right or not. He would probably approve of that response. AUTHORITY CITED: Fiorina, Morris, with Samuel Abrams and Jeremy Pope. Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized Amierca. New York, New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.