Time Is Value of Money Essay Example

Time Is Value of Money Essay Time Value of Money Practice Problems ? Solutions Dr. Stanley D. Longhofer 1) Jim makes a deposit of $12,000 in a bank account. The deposit is to earn interest annually at the rate of 9 percent for seven years. a) How much will Jim have on deposit at the end of seven years? P/Y = 1, N = 7, I = 9, PV = 12,000, PMT = 0 ? FV = $21,936. 47 b) Assuming the deposit earned a 9 percent rate of interest compounded quarterly, how much would he have at the end of seven years? P/Y = 4, N = 7 ? 4 = 28 ? FV = $22,374. 54 c) In comparing parts (a) and (b), what are the respective effective annual yields? Which alternative is better? Because interest in compounded annual in part (a), the effective annual rate is the same as the nominal rate: EARA = 9%. In part (b), EARB = (1 + i/m)m – 1 = 1. 02254 – 1 = 9. 31%. This can be also solved using the TI BAII+ using the Interest Conversion worksheet. Simply press [2nd] [I Conv] (the second function of the 2 key) to bring up this worksheet. When the screen says NOM = press [9] and [Enter]. Then arrow up and make sure that [C/Y] reads 4 compounding periods per year; if not, press [4] and [Enter]. Finally arrow up to the EFF screen and press [CPT] to compute the effective annual rate. Alternative (b) is preferred because it compounds your interest more frequently. Thus you get to earn â€Å"interest on your interest† sooner. 2) John is considering the purchase of a lot. He can buy the lot today and expects the price to rise to $15,000 at the end of 10 years. He believes that he should earn an investment yield of 10 percent annually on this investment. The asking price for the lot is $7,000. Should he buy it? What is the annual yield (internal rate of return) of the investment if John purchases the property for $7,000 and is able to sell it 10 years later for $15,000? P/Y = 1, N = 10, I = 10, PMT = 0, FV = 15,000 ? PV = ? $5,783. 15. Because the present value of this investment is less than the $7,000 asking price for the lot, John should not buy it. To solve for the internal rate of return enter PV = ? 7,000 and compute I = 7. 92%. 3) An investor can make an investment in a real estate development and receive an expected cash return of $45,000 after six years. Based on a careful study of other investment alternatives, she believes that an 18 percent annual return compounded quarterly is a reasonable return to earn on this investment. How much should she pay for it today? We will write a custom essay sample on Time Is Value of Money specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Time Is Value of Money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Time Is Value of Money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer P/Y = 4, N = 6 ? 4 = 24, I = 18, PMT = 0, FV = 45,000 ? PV = ? $15,646. 66. 1 4) Suppose you have the opportunity to make an investment in a real estate venture that expects to pay investors $750 at the end of each month for the next eight years. You believe that a reasonable return on your investment should be 17 percent compounded monthly. a) How much should you pay for the investment? P/Y = 12, N = 8 ? 12 = 96, I = 17, PMT = 750, FV = 0 ? ? $39,222. 96. b) What will be the total sum of cash you will receive over the next eight years? This can be solved by setting I = 0, PV = 0, and computing FV = ? $72,000. Notice that the sign of this solution is negative because the payments have been entered as positive values. c) Why is there such a large difference between (a) and (b)? The difference between the answers in parts (a) and (b) represents the foregone interest that results from receiving the payments in the future, rather than today. 5) Walt is evaluating an investment that will provide the following returns at the end of each of the following years: year 1, $12,500; year 2, $10,000; year 3, $7,500; year 4, $5,000; year 5, $2,500; year 6, $0; and year 7, $12,500. Walt believes that he should earn an annual rate of 9 percent on this investment. How much should he pay for this investment? This can be solved using the irregular cash flow worksheet: CF0 = 0 C01 = 12,500 C02 = 10,000 C03 = 7,500 C04 = 5,000 C05 = 2,500 C06 = 0 C07 = 12,500 Set I = 9 and solve for NPV = $37,681. 6) A loan of $50,000 is due 10 years from today. The borrower wants to make annual payments at the end of each year into a sinking fund that will earn interest at an annual rate of 10 percent. What will the annual payments have to be? Suppose that the borrower will make monthly payments that earn 10 percent interest, compounded monthly. How much will he pay annually into the fund? With annual compounding: P/Y = 1, N = 10, I = 10, PV = 0, FV = 50,000 ? PMT = ? $3,137. 27. With monthly compounding: P/Y = 12, N = 10 ? 12 = 120, ? PMT = ? 244. 09. These are monthly payments, so the total annual payment will be 244. 09 ? 12 = $2,929. 04. 2 7) The Dallas Development Corporation is considering the purchase of an apartment project for $100,000. They estimate that they will receive $15,000 at the end of each year for the next 10 years. At the end of the 10th year, the apartment project will be worth nothing. If Dallas purchases the project, what will be its internal rate of return? If the company insists on a 9 percent return compounded annually on its investment, is this a good investment? P/Y = 1, N = 10, I = 9, PMT = 15,000, FV = 0 ? PV = ? $96,264. 87. Based on the NPV rule, this is a poor investment because the present value of future cash flows is less than the required investment of $100,000. Alternatively, you could enter PV = ? $100,000 and solve for I = 8. 14%. Because the IRR of this investment is less than the 9% hurdle rate, Dallas should not invest in this project. 8) Suppose you deposit $5,000 into an account earning 4 percent interest, compounded monthly. ) How many years will it take for your account to be worth $7,500? P/Y = 12, PV = ? 5,000, I = 4, PMT = 0, FV = 7,500 ? N = 121. 84, or 10. 15 years. b) Suppose in addition to the initial $5,000 deposit, you will make monthly contributions of $50. How many years will it take for the account to grow to $7,500 in this case? PMT = ? 50 ? N = 35. 39 or 2. 95 years. c) How does your answer change if you make quarterly deposits of $150 rather than monthly contributions of $50? Explain the reason for any difference in your answer from part b. Maintain the assumption that interest compounds monthly. P/Y = 4, C/Y = 12, PMT = ? 50 ? N = 11. 83 or 2. 96 years. The time it takes to save $7,500 rises just a bit because you are no longer earning interest on new investments until the end of each quarter, rather than each month. 9) Consider an investment that will pay $680 per month for the next 15 years and will be worth $28,000 at the end of that time. How much is this investment worth to you today at a 5. 25 percent discount rate? P/Y = 12, N = 15 ? 12 = 180, I = 5. 25, PMT = 680, FV = 28,000 ? PV = ? 97,351. 34. 10) You currently owe $18,000 on a car loan at 9. 5 percent interest. If you make monthly payments of $576. 9 per month, how long will it take you to fully repay the loan? P/Y = 12, I = 9. 5, PV = 18,000, PMT = ? 576. 59, FV = 0 ? N = 36 11) You have just borrowed $10,000 and will be required to make monthly payments of $227. 53 for the next five years in order to fully repay the loan. What is the implicit interest rate on this loan? 3 P/Y = 12, N = 5 ? 12 = 60, PV = 10,000, PMT = ? 227. 53, FV = 0 ? I = 13% 12) Your uncle has given you a bond that will pay $500 at the end of each year forever into the future. If the market yield on this bond is 8. 25 percent, how much is it worth today? This type of investment is known as a perpetuity. The formula for its value is PV = PMT / r = 500 / 0. 0825 = 6,060. 61. 13) Suppose you have an investment that is expected to generate a $20,000 cash flow next year and that this is expected to increase by 5 percent per year forever into the future. a) If your required rate of return on this investment is 18 percent, how much is it worth to you today? This is a growing perpetuity. The formula for its value is PMT 20,000 PV = = = 153,846. 15 . r ? g 0. 18 ? 0. 05 b) Suppose now that you do not know how fast the cash flows will grow in the future, but that you expect them to grow at a constant rate. Suppose also that this investment is currently priced at $200,000. If the required rate of return is still 18 percent, how fast does the market expect the annual cash flows to grow? Rearrange the growing perpetuity formula to solve for the growth rate: PMT 20,000 g =r? = 0. 18 ? = 0. 18 ? 0. 10 = 0. 08 or 8 percent. PV 200,000 14) You are considering the purchase of an investment that is expected to generate cash flows of $15,000 per year for the next five years. After that, cash flows are expected in increase at the rate of 5 percent per year for the indefinite future. Thus, in year 6 the cash flow will be $15,750, etc. How much is this investment worth to you today if your required return is 15 percent? First, calculate the value of the investment at the end of year 5 using the formula for a growing perpetuity: V5 = CF6 15,750 = = 157,500 . r ? g 0. 15 ? 0. 05 Next use this as the future value and use your time value of money keys to calculate the value as of date 0 (today). P/Y = 1, N = 5, I = 15, PMT = 15,000, FV = 157,500 ? PV = ? 128,587. 66. 4 ______ 1. What is the future value of $3,500 deposited for 12 years at 5 percent interest, compounded annually? A. $6,285. 50 B. $3,679. 07 C. $55,709. 94 D. $6,369. 47 P/Y = 1, N = 12, I = 5, PV = 3,500, PMT = 0; solve for FV ______ 2. What is the internal rate of return on an investment that costs $2,000 and returns $32 per month for the next 15 years? A. The IRR cannot be calculated for this investment B. 1. 48% C. 17. 86% D. 14. 13% P/Y = 12, PMT = 32, PV = -2,000, FV = 0, N = 15 ? 12 = 180; solve for I ______ 3. What is the internal rate of return of an investment with the following cash flows? n 0 1 2 3 4 5 $ (1,000) 300 300 300 200 100 A. B. C. D. The IRR cannot be calculated for this investment 10. 0% 15. 23% 7. 48% CF0 = -1,000, C01 = 300, F01 = 3, C02 = 200, F02 = 1, C03 = 100, F03 = 1; solve for IRR ______ 4. If your discount rate is 12%, what is the NPV of the investment from the last question? A. $0. 00 B. ($55. 25) C. $200. 00 D. ($95. 60) With all the same entries, solve for NPV with I = 12 5 ______ 5. True or FALSE: Assuming the same positive discount rate and the same number o f years over which they will be received, a $1,200 annuity with annual payments has a larger present value than a $100 annuity with monthly payments. The reason is â€Å"sooner is better than later. The total payments you receive is the same under both annuities ($1,200 per year), but you get some of your money sooner with the monthly annuity. You could put this in an account and earn interest on it, making it worth more to you than $1,200 at the end of each year. ______ 6. How much should you pay for an investment that pays $1,500 per year for the next three years and then $2,000 per year for the following two years? Assume a discount rate of 15% per year? A. $8,500. 00 B. $5,562. 70 C. $6,338. 15 D. $10,000. 00 CF0 = 0, C01 = 1,500, F01 = 3, C02 = 2,000, F02 = 2; solve for NPV with I = 15 ______ 7. Consider an eight-year investment costing $55,000. It is expected to pay $3,000 per year in each of the next five years and $15,000 per year in the last three years. If the required discount rate is 12 percent, what is the net present value of this investment? A. $86,257. 28 B. ($23,742. 72) C. $5,000 D. $60,000. 00 CF0 = -55,000, C01 = 3,000, F01 = 5, C02 = 15,000, F02 = 3; solve for NPV with I = 12 ______ 8. What is the internal rate of return of the investment in the last question? A. The IRR cannot be calculated for this investment B. 1. 47% C. 14. 7% D. 12. 0% With the same entries as above, solve for IRR ______ 9. What is the annual debt service on a $1. 2 million 30-year mortgage at 6. 75% interest with monthly payments? A. $40,518 B. $7,783 C. $94,286. 59 D. $93,398 Annual debt service is simply 12 times the monthly payment. Enter PV = 1,200,000, P/Y = 12, N = 30 ? 12 = 360, I = 6. 75, FV = 0; solve for PMT and multiply the result by 12. ______ 10. In class we said that †Å"cash is king† in finance. Which of the following things is NOT true about this king? A. More is better than less B. Sooner is better than later C. Certain is better than uncertain D. STRAIGHT IS BETTER THAN CROOKED 7

Leadership in “Remember the Titans” Essay Example

Leadership in â€Å"Remember the Titans† Essay Example Leadership in â€Å"Remember the Titans† Paper Leadership in â€Å"Remember the Titans† Paper This research will explain how different leadership theories directly were applied to situations in the movie â€Å"Remember the Titans†. Although only a few of the theories were available at the time, the individuals exhibited sound leadership and follower ship identified by modern research on leadership. This paper will visit several leadership theories and methods from respected sources and compare and contras some situations to current situations experienced with modern theories. The leadership theories and methods discussion points in this research are positional power, conflict resolution, leader/co-leader relationship, international framework (leader-follower-situation), and environmental shifts as a reason to restructure. Also, we will discuss Maslow hierarchy of needs (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006) and the four frames to evaluate change i. e. the structural frame, the human resource frame, the political frame, and symbolic frame. The movie â€Å"Remember the Titans† revolves around two coaches named Herman Boone and Bill Yoast and how their integration of the first desegregated football team united a segregated town through the success high school football team. This process required highly effective leadership skills. From the beginning of the movie, leadership was apparently obvious. There was a riot over the death of an African American citizen. Coach Yoast actively prevented members of his football team from entering the confrontation. When his players went to participate in the riot, he used his positional power (Bolman, Deal, 2003) to intervene and disrupt their involvement. Conflict Resolution and the ability to effectively manage it can make a huge difference with the success and failure of any process. To pacify the riot, the school board desegregated one of its high schools named T. C. Williams High School and placed an experienced African American coach Named Coach Boone as head coach. The original coach, Coach Yoast, was highly experienced and had 15 years of winning under his tenure at the school. When Coach yoast and Coach Boone initially meet, there was animosity between Coach Boone and Coach Yoast staff. Coach Boone handled all negative responses with positive responses that defused the tension between all members. It was a visual view of similar situations that the book â€Å"Reframing Organizations† by Bolman and Deal bighlighted displayed in chapter 16, Reframing in Action (Bolman, Deal, 2003). Conflict resolution was also displayed when Coach Yoast decided to take the Assistant Coach position under Coach Boone to prevent uproar with all the white players and disgruntled citizens in town. At the town meeting, he prevented further escalation and of an already sensitive situation. I believe his decision was the determining factor that pulled the town and the team together in the long run. It was his decision to stay that brought all the white players and parents back to the team. Further more, he prevented unfair release of Coach Boone by surrendering his chance at the Hall of Fame by challenging authority in a fixed game. His actions, honor and leadership allowed the Titans a chance at the National championship. If Coach Yoast had not remained with the Titans, what would have been the outcome? Restructuring is a challenging process that consumes time and resources, with no guarantee of success. Organizations typically embark on the path when they feel compelled to respond to major problems or opportunities (Bolman, Deal, 2003). The problems that lead to the change in this small Virginia town were on racial lines. The environment shifted and change had to occur for the survival of the town and organizations within the town Bolman, Deal, 2003). The international framework (leader-follower-situation) is also apparent in this movie (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006). The leadership on the team needed to change to pacify the situation of the time. I’m not agreeing or disagreeing but the leader was placed because of the situation. The previous leader had to become the follower or co-leader because of the situation. Its takes courage, experience and resolve to change roles because of situations, especially if the role is a demotion to a lesser position. In my opinion, the most important part of leadership is interpreting leader-follower-situation and responding efficiently and effectively for the overall good. Coach Yoast was excellent at interpreting situations. His actions and observation skills also facilitated the success of the team racial merger when Gary and Julius came together at football camp. His hesitation to interfere when Gary and Julius initially united on the field, in what initially appeared to be a confrontation, brought the team together. Since Julius and Gary are team leaders informally and formally respectfully, Coach Yoast ability to interoperate the situation and allow them to celebrate brought the team together. Coach Boone had an excellent follower r Co-leader. Coach Hines’ co-leadership abilities seemed to be the conscious for Coach Boone. He steps in and positively influenced Coach Boone decision. Also, Coach Yoast is excellent as a co-leader. The success of an organization or team is incumbent upon the abilities of everyone and all successful leaders have highly effective co-leaders. Sheryl Yoast, although she was nine years old, provided leadership. Her love for the game and relationship with her father provided her with experience needed to accurately interoperate certain situations and provide effective feedback. For example, she observed flaws from the stands in the Titans ability to properly defend the opposing team in the state championship. During the preamble phase of the half-time, she convinced her father to step outside of the box to solicit help which resulted in unorthodox substitution techniques that totally through off the opposing team. If she had not have been actively involved and observant of the game, she would not had positively provoked her father to make the changes. The changes were made to defense and the defense created the fumble in the last minutes. The changes altered the situation which resulted in flaws that caused the fumble. The fumble resulted in the Titans scoring with no time left on the clock. Without Sheryl Yoast recommendations, what would the outcome of the came would have been? What are the effects that one recommendation can have on history? Would this story have been told if the Titans have lost? Would the town and the team continued to remain positive and united? The decision to change the coaching staff shifted the pyridine of the community and had to be viewed through all lenses. Politically, placing an African American coach in the head coach position pacified the situation over the young teenager’s death. Structurally, if Coach Yoast had maintained the head coach position, the politically ramifications of the teenager death would not have been satisfied because of the anger around the individuals death. The impact of the change had to be highly significant. The human resource view satisfied some lower level needs of the Maslow hierarchy of needs (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006). Their belongingness needs of the upset African Americans were satisfied indirectly by Coach Boone hiring as the Titans head coach. Symbolically, placing an African American as the head coach of a prestigious high school team symbolizes change. Viewing the decision to hire Coach Boone and place him in the position of head coach fit all four frames which is why the outcome was successful. . In conclusion, look deep into this quote, â€Å"Follow as well as lead† (Lewis, 1993). Look beyond the words. This is true because it’s amazing as to where new styles and ideas can come from. What would have been the outcome if Coach Boone shut down and isolated himself from any input from his staff? What if Coach Boone and Coach Yoast were identical racially and psychologically? What if Coach Boone was only hired to be the Assistant Coach? The answer behind any successful transition is within the follower relationship to the leader (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006). This movie provides a great deal of insight regarding the use of leadership and methods that positively influenced the outcome of the situation. The situation are several: Coach Boone and Coach Yoats belief in the overall purpose, providing dignity to those who’ve only seen degradation (Fields, F, Zwick, E. 989), the desegregation of the school system, merging society into one, uniting the team, etc. Although only a few of the theories were available at the time or just myths, all identified leaders exhibited sound leadership and follower ship identified by modern research on leadership. This paper visited several leadership theories and methods from respected sources and compare and contras some situations to current situations experienced with modern theories. Reference Bolman, L,. , Deal, T. (2003). Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Hughes, R. , Ginnett, R. , Curphy, C. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Johnson, C. (2005). Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Lewis, A. (1993). Leadership Styles. Arlington, VA: American Association of Schools Administrators Kustaa, F. (1993). African American Leadership Effectiveness New Mexico: Eric Journals, 135 3-51. Fields, F, Zwick, E. (1989). Glory. United States: Tristar Pictures, Inc.

The effect of temperature on the Kinesis behavior of fly larvae Essay

The effect of temperature on the Kinesis behavior of fly larvae - Essay Example Firstly, enzymes play a major role in the respiration process. Respiration provides larvae with more energy to carry out movements. On the other hand, enzyme activities depend on temperature. Increases in temperature lead to more enzymatic activity. An increase in enzymatic activity spurs the respiration process in turn making more energy that enables the larvae to cover more distance. However, increases in temperature past the optimal point would lead to denaturation of the enzyme, which would result in less energy production. Consequently, the distance that the larvae cover reduces (Sharma 2013). Secondly, the optimal temperature of 24 degrees Celsius allowed the larvae to reach their maximum metabolic rate. That is why the distance covered by the larvae tends to increase up until the optimum temperature is reached (Johnson & Case 2013). Thirdly, other environmental factors such as light affect the movement of larvae. This experiment did not control such factors, which influence the movement of the larvae. For instance, a change in the wavelength of light would lead to a change in the movement of larvae. Similarly, the intensity of light can have an influence on the movement of larvae (Gadd & Sariaslani 2013). In order to control the effects of light intensity and wavelength on the movement of larvae, I would perform the experiment under different light settings. This would enable me to measure the influence of light on the experiment. Finally, another explanation for the results is the large spread in data. This could be a resultant of differences in the genetic composition and metabolic state of the larvae. Additionally, there was no repeat of the experiments. In order to control these effects in future experiments; I would use a larger sample size and perform three trials for every experiment (Raven & Johnson 2002). One of the possible errors is the direction that the larvae covered. Even though the larvae seemed

Humanities II week one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanities II week one - Essay Example His explanation is "If all men were good this precept would not be a good one but as they are bad and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them† (Cunningham, & Reich, 2010, p.290). At present, I believe that there are Machiavellian politicians today and they are Adolf Hitler and Napoleon Bonaparte. Adolf Hitler is a Machiavellian politician, because he criticized the role of the Church in society. It is unclear what Hitler’s religion is, though in principle, he admired Christian heritage, German Christian culture, and an Aryan Jesus Christ. Nevertheless, as shown in the Holocaust and some resources, he was bent to destroy the influences of Christianity and Judaism on his subordinates. This indicates his desire to control the Church and subjugate it under his political leadership. Furthermore, Hitler is Machiavellian, because he led with his mind and ruthlessness. He was a brilliant military leader who won several wars across Eur ope and developed widespread control in a small duration of time. He is also renowned as a seasoned politician, who knows what to say to inspire his people to support him. The German rearmament program gave full employment and an unreserved expansion of production, which strengthened by his foreign policy successes, through the Rome-Berlin pact of 1936, the Anschluss with Austria and the "liberation" of the Sudeten Germans in 1938, made Hitler popular and powerful. Hitler also used the Holocaust to advance racial cleansing. He believed that no matter how inhumane it was, it was part of the means to political greatness. Hence, Hitler justified the need for power to rationalize his means to his ends. Napoleon Bonaparte is Machiavellian, because he influenced the Church to reduce its hold on the people. Like Machiavelli, Napoleon believed that religion is like cement which can bond society together. According to Napoleon, religion advanced national unity and stopped class war; it made people weak and obedient. Unlike Machiavelli, however, he wanted to unite the State and the Church. He negotiated an agreement with the Pope. The Concordat of 1801 distinguished Catholicism as the favored religion of France, but not the state religion. The clergy would be chosen and paid by the State, but consecrated by the Church. Despite these laws, Napoleon was able to a have tighter leash on religion. In addition, Napoleon also addressed opposition with grand promises of success of his ruling. He is also a fox like Hitler, when dealing with his enemies. Lastly, Napoleon is also Machiavellian, because of his views of power. Even after being an Emperor of France in 1804, for the next eight years Napoleon dominated Europe through battling with a wide range of alliances, such as the combinations of Austria, Britain, Russia and Prussia. Many of his military victories were shrewdly planned. He believed in his power to stay in power and to keep his ruling intact. Adolf Hitler and Napol eon Bonaparte are Machiavellian politicians, because they were the fox and the lion. They ruled and expanded their dominions through power and persuasion. They were influential speakers and affected their people emotionally. Furthermore,

Sleep research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sleep - Research Paper Example There is talk of circadian rhythm for the alternation between waking and sleep. It is a question of cycle ultradian for the alternation between NREM and REM sleep. Sleep ventrolateral preoptic nucleus depends on Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). Triggered by the daily accumulation of adenosine, the VLPO sends centers stimulation signal to stop the production of histamine and other substances that keep us awake. Sleep can be considered as an altered state of consciousness. Its peculiarity is that it is based on a state of maximum rest and relaxation; this is why it is refreshing. According to sleep specialists, the voltage to be aware (this voltage gradually depletes the nervous system but can respond to the existence) is found in the sensation of the eyes. When the individual falls asleep and the eyelids are closed, the voltage decreases. More arrival pictures of dream are a support for the mind in that it relies on. The human being visualizes images that impose themselves but are not required and built in effort, and it gives the mind the feeling of relaxation. This is how the images are of a hypnotic dream, and it is this process that relies on the Hypnosis. Sleep is the act of entering at rest. It is extremely important for human beings, and once a person goes to sleep, several metabolic processes important for the body take place. In short, sleep contributes to our physical and psychological health. One of the benefits of sleep is its contribution to the health recovery in cases of illness, and on intimate terms to the cell and contribution to the good condition of the immune system. Specialists claim that sleep disturbances may be significant barriers to recovery from illness. There is consistent evidence that sleep deprivation causes increased risk of diabetes, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. Sleep also contributes to mental and emotional wellbeing (Franklin and Lehrman). Those people who manage to sleep well

Business Analysis of Morrisons

Business Analysis of Morrisons Executive Summary In this competitive era every organization is facing financial ups and downs from last few years due to recession. UK has a wide variety of retailers all with big infrastructure and chains that include food, clothing and lots of other products. This assignment focuses on the financial growth of Morrison PLC and two other competitors of Morrison i.e. Sainsbury and Tesco. The report will shed light on the key indicators affecting the performance of Morrison and its two competitors Sainsbury and Tesco. Both Sainsbury and Tesco have a brand name in the retailing sector and give good competition to Morrison. To find out accurate result we collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Recession effects the whole world same as UK. Every company applies lots of strategies to overcome this. Some will successful and some unable of overcome the impact of recession. Morrison is one of the companies from retailing sector, which is successfully recovering from the recession, and giving tough competition to its competitors. In this assignment we will also discuss about the strategies adopted by the Morrison to overcome from recession and how it maintain it self in competitive market. And also try to find out what other methods Morrison used to increase its growth as compare to its competitors Sainsbury and Tesco Introduction Retailing industry is one of the biggest growing industries in UK. It stands on number 3rd in the world economy. Initially retailing industry used to restrain only small scale shops. But now retailers are more focused on customer services and expand their business at very large scale. In UK there are several supermarkets that have their long chains like Morrison, Sainsbury, Tesco and ASDA. From last five years UK retailing industry provide more than 190,000 employments and this figure is growing continuously (British Retail Consortium 2004b). It is estimated as 11% of the total UKS workforce.UK retailing industry provides part time jobs more then other sectors. UK retailing sector generates revenue of around 265bn per year which is the 8% of total GDP of UK economy.70% of UK supermarket is dominated by Morrison, Sainsbury, Tesco, and Asda. Morrison Morrison was founded by William Morrison in1899.In 1961 he opened his first store in Bradford. Very soon Morrison took over the Safeway and in early 2005 Morrison became the 4th largest Supermarket of UK retail industry. It has 403 stores all over the UK. Main business of Morrison is food and grocery. In 2005 Morrison generated 150,000 employments all over the UK. More then 9 million customers visit Morrison everyday. Morrison had its own warehouses and industries to maintain the demand and supply and has sufficient staff to provide better customer service. Morrison has more than 100yr experience in retailing sector. In 2008 Morrison awarded for the outstanding contribution in the retailing sector. In 2007 Sir Lan Gibson (64) joined Morrison as a non executive deputy chairmen. In 2010, 29 march Mr. Dalton Philips (43) Joined the group as Chief Executive. Mr. Mark Gunter (52) Joined Morrison as a Group retail director in the year 1993 and In 2005 Richard Pennycook was appointed as a G roup finance Director. Morrison has strong and experienced management hierarchy, which provides sustainability in the market and helped Morrison to recover from the Recession. In 210/11 Morrison sales increased 7% from the previous year. Overall growth of Morrison for this year is 12.8%. With this growth Morrison is giving tough competition to the competitors like Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury. Contribution of these three supermarkets is only 3.5%, whereas only Morrison contributes with the growth of 4.5% in 2010/11 to the market. This is one of the most beneficial years for the Morrison. USP of Morrison or reason of the growth is Morrison is use of unique manufacturing and packaging techniques and most of the food is prepared everyday to provide fresh food to the customers. Morrison continuously updated itself with use of new technologies and new innovative tools in supermarket. Now days Morrison is working on incorporating digital technology in its operations. Morrison provides all te chnological facilities to the customers like online shopping, self checkouts, card payments etc. Subsidiaries of Morrison plc- Farmers boy limited Neerock limited Safeway limited Rathbone kear limited Optimization developments limited Bos brothers fruit and vegetables Farock insurance company limited Optimization developments limited These are the few subsidiaries of Morrison from where Morrison purchase their food for the customers. Sainsbury:- Sainsbury was established in the year 1869. Today Sainsbury has 890 stores out of which 547 are supermarkets and 343 are convince stores. It has joint venture with land securities group PLC and The British Land Company PLC. It also has Sainsburys bank in collaboration with Lloyds bank. Sainsbury serves fresh, healthy and tasty food. It entertains around 19 million consumers a week and has over 16 % share in market. It has a workforce of 15000 people. Tesco :- Tesco is one of the biggest retailers in UK. Tesco has expanded its business almost all over the world like USA, Europe, Asia etc. In UK, Tesco started in 1924. It has 2482 stores and 287669 numbers of employees. Tesco was formed by Sir Jack Cohen. It was the first self service store. Tesco introduced the concept of superstores in 1967.Tesco focused on the strategy of serving good products at low cost. In 2002-03 Tesco introduced more then five thousand food products to grab the attention of customers. Tesco use many technical innovative tools to provide better service to customers like online shopping, self checkouts etc. Tesco deals in food, clothing and all other daily use products. Tesco is one the biggest competitor for Morrison. Quantitative Data data which we can quantify and verify and that can be manipulated statistically is called quantitative data. The data which is in the form of numbers and figures is quantitative data. Quantitative data analysis plays an important role in analyzing the business performance of a company. Both quantitative and qualitative data are necessary to analyze the business performance of a company in a better way. Financial ratio analysis is a type of quantitative analysis to analyze the performance of a business. Financial analysis- we can define financial analysis as the analysis of the financial condition of the company. It involves investigating if the capital is efficiently invested, efficiency of oprations, profitability of the company and the security of the debtors money . there are two types of financial analysis techniques- fund flow analysis and financial ratio analysis. Company requires these techniques to analyse if it is efficiently investing and using its financial resources. Tools and techniques of financial statement analysis- Horizontal and vertical analysis Ratio analysis Horizontal analysis- analyzing and comparing the financial data of a company of 2 or more years is called horizontal analysis Vertical analysis- this analysis is conducted on profit and loss account or on balance sheet and the result calculated is in percentage of a total amount. Ratio analysis- it is the most excepted and widely used technique. The result is calculated as one number articulated in terms of other. In this assignment we will be using this technique to quantitatively analyze the performance of Morrison with respect to its competitors Sainsbury and Tesco. Some of the ratios analyzed for Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco are stated below- PROFITABILITY RATIOS- it can be defined as evaluation of the total performance and the effectiveness of the company. Some of the profitability ratios are discussed below- ROCE- This ratio stands for return on capital employed. We know that the main aim of the company for investing its financial resources is the profit it is reaping out of it. Therefore we can say that it is the success of a business in meeting its goals. Formula for return on capital employed- [Profit before interest and tax/capital employed] x100 Significance- It is one of the widely excepted methods to analyze the profitability and the overall performance of the company. It gives us information if the investment of the capital is optimal or not and funds are efficiently allocated and utilized by the company or not. Calculations- ROCE calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (612/4378) x100=13.97 In 2009- (655/4520) x100=14.49 In 2010- (858/4949) x100=17.33 ROCE calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (479/4935) x100=9.7 In 2009- (466/4376) x100=10.64 In 2010- (733/4966) x100=14.76 ROCE calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1402/12099) x100=11.58 In 2009- (1419/12942) x100=10.96 In 2010- (1596/14681) x100=10.87 Net Profit Margin- it is the ratio of total net profit a company gains after eliminating all the taxes divided by the net sales. It is articulated in percentage. Formula: Net Profit Margin= [profit before interest and tax/sales or turnover] x100 Significance- to examine the overall profit of the company this ratio is used and is significantly used by proprietors. The return on investment depends upon the net profit. Calculations- Net Profit Margin calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (612/12151) x100=5.03 In 2009- (655/13615) x100=4.81 In 2010- (858/14348) x100=5.97 Net Profit Margin calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (479/16835) x100=2.84 In 2009- (466/17875) x100=2.60 In 2010- (733/18882) x100=3.88 Net Profit Margin calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1402/23684) x100=5.91 In 2009- (1419/25734) x100=5.51 In 2010- (1596/27485) x100=5.80 Net Asset Turnover- it can be defined as the measure of capability of the firm to generate turnover by an efficient utilization of its assets. Formula- sales or turnover/capital employed Significance- higher is the ratio more efficiently and optimally the company has utilized its assets and lower ratio means the assets are underutilized. Higher is the ratio signifies the requirement of very low investment in the business and if the ratio is low it signifies incompetent management. Calculations- Net Asset Turnover calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 12151/4378=2.77 In 2009- 13615/4520=3.01 In 2010- 14348/4949=2.89 Net Asset Turnover calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 16835/4935=3.41 In 2009- 17875/4379=4.08 In 2010- 18882/4966=3.80 Net Asset Turnover calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 23684/12099=1.95 In 2009- 25734/12942=1.98 In 2010- 27485/14681=1.87 Gross Profit Margin- it can be defined as the total amount of profit a firm can generate by selling its goods. Formula- [gross profit/sales or turnover] x100 Significance- it is an indication of how much the selling price of per unit of goods can be lowered without any loss in operations of the company. Higher is this ratio more efficient is the production of goods in the company and vice versa. Calculations- Gross Profit Margin calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (818/12151) x100=6.73 In 2009- (913/13615) x100=6.70 In 2010- (1062/14348) x100=7.40 Gross Profit Margin calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1002/16835) x100=5.95 In 2009- (1036/17875) x100=5.79 In 2010- (1082/18882) x100=5.73 Gross Profit Margin calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1761/23684) x100=7.43 In 2009- (2048/25734) x100=7.95 In 2010- (2270/27485) x100=8.25 ACTIVITY RATIOS- It is the measure of how efficiently and optimally the resources of a company are engaged. It is also known as turnover ratio because it is the measure of how quickly the assets are converted into sales. Stock days or Stock turnover- it is the relationship of cost of sold items during an interval of time and cost of average inventory during a particular interval of time. It tells about the times the company is able to convert the inventory into sales and the efficiency of company to manage its inventory. Formula- [stock or inventory/cost of sales] x365 Significance- it is the measure of how quick a company can convert its inventory into sales. Higher is this ratio indicates more efficient the company is an managing its inventory. It means the company is able to sell more and therefore will have adequate capital to get new inventory and vice versa. Calculations- Stock turnover calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (442/12151) x365=13 days In 2009- (494/13615) x365=13 days In 2010- (577/14348) x365=14 days Stock turnover calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (681/16835) x365=15 days In 2009- (689/17875) x365=14 days In 2010- (702/18882) x365=13 days Stock turnover calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (2603/23684) x365=40 days In 2009- (2669/25734) x365=37 days In 2010- (2729/27485) x365=36 days LIQUIDITY RATIOS- It is a financial technique to measure the short term solvency of the company financial condition. It is the measure of the capacity of a company to fulfill its short term obligations. Current ratio- it the relationship of companys current assets to its current liabilities. It is the measure of the potential of a company to accomplish its short term obligations. Formula- current assets/current liabilities Significance- it in the measure of how liquid are the assets of a company. It tells us how much safe a company is for its creditors. It is the measure of how stable company is financially. Higher ratio shows that company is more efficient to fulfill their short term obligations and vice versa. Calculations- Current ratio calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 910/1853=0.49 In 2009- 1066/2024=0.52 In 2010- 1092/2152=0.50 Current ratio calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 1722/2652=0.64 In 2009- 1591/2919=0.54 In 2010- 1853/2793=0.66 Current ratio calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 6648/12689=0.52 In 2009- 13669/18115=0.75 In 2010- 11392/16015=0.71 Quick ratio- it is also called as liquid ratio or acid test ratio. It the relationship of liquid assets of company to its current liabilities. Formula- current assets less stocks/current liabilities Significance- It is the measure of how capable a company is in meeting in obligations and promises. Higher is this ratio indicates that company is more capable to meet its objectives and obligations. Calculations- Quick ratio calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (910-442)/1853=0.25 In 2009- (1066-494)/2024=0.28 In 2010- (1092-577)/2152=0.23 Quick ratio calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1722-681)/2652=0.39 In 2009- (1591-689)/2919=0.30 In 2010- (1853-702)/2793=0.41 Quick ratio calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (6648-2603)/12689=0.31 In 2009- (13669-2669)/18115=0.60 In 2010- (11392-2729)/16015=0.54 Comparison- Year-2010 Morrison Sainsbury Tesco ROCE 17.33 14.76 10.87 Net Profit Margin 5.97 3.88 5.80 Net Asset Turnover 2.89 3.80 1.87 Gross Profit Margin 7.40 5.73 8.25 Stock Turnover 14 days 13 days 36 days Current ratio 0.50 0.66 0.71 Quick ratio 0.23 0.41 0.54 Ratio analysis carried on Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco for the financial year 2010 The above data shows some of the ratios analyzed for M orison, Sainsbury and Tesco for the financial year 2010.from the above data we can see that the ROCE ratio for the Morrison is high as compare to its competitors. Higher is this ratio high is the profitability and overall performance of the company. Thus Morrison tops the chart followed by Sainsbury and then Tesco at the last. If we have a look at the Net Profit Margin we can see that Morrison has the highest followed by Tesco and then Sainsbury. Since higher is the net profit margining more profitable is the business. Thus Morrison has made more profits as compared to Sainsbury and Tesco in concern of the revenue they have generated. If we compare the net asset turnover ratio Sainsbury tops the chart followed by Morrison and Tesco in the last. This data tells us that Sainsbury has made lowest investment followed by Morrison and Tesco lag behind in the race indicating inefficient use and management of resources. Looking at the gr oss profit margin Tesco has the highest followed by Morrison and Sainsbury. We know that if higher is this ratio more efficient is the production of goods in the company. Thus Tesco wins in this aspect and is most efficient amongst the three in the production of goods. Analyzing the stock turnover ratio Sainsbury has the least followed by Morrison and Tesco has the highest. Lower is this more quick is company in converting its stock into sales and more is the profit. Current ratio of Morrison is the least followed by Sainsbury and Tesco. Since higher is this ratio more is the ability of firm to pay its shorter debts. Thus Tesco wins in this race. Comparing the quick ratio, again Tesco has the highest, then Sainsbury and then Morrison. More is this ratio indicates more financially strong is the company. Thus Tesco again tops the chart. From the above discussion we can see that in some areas Morrison is doing good like profitability and in some areas it as lagging like financial strength as compare to its competitors Sainsbury and Tesco. Therefore Morrison should keep on working hard to compete with its competitors. Similarly we can compare the financial data of Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco for the other financial years 2008 and 2009. QUALITATIVE DATA- It can be defined as ways of collecting information to illustrate the meaning of a situation or a problem instead of focusing on statistical approach of analysis. They help to explain a situation in more depth and with more description. There are lot of qualitative methods in the management study to analyze the business of the company and its competitors. We will be using Porter and PESTEL analysis to qualitatively analyze the business and the market environment for Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco in UK. Porters five forces Overall Level of Rivalry In retailing industry, UK is dominated by the Morrison, Tesco and Sainsbury. All three are big brand names in supermarket of UK. All three gives good competition to each other. All have equal number of resources to attract the customers. Power of Buyer Customer is the king of todays era. So the power of buyers is relatively high, customer have lots of options so he can easily switch between suppliers. It affects the overall profit of the organization. But due to less number of competitors Morrison have chance to attract more and more customers by providing more offers to its customers and using new strategies. Power of Supplier All big brands have their own manufacturing units , which decrease the power of suppliers .Moreover , purchasing from outside make the cost of a product high and reduce the profit , so organizations prefers to avoid purchasing goods from outsiders. In retailing sector suppliers are dominated by the consumers. Threat of New Entry -The threat of new entry in supermarket is very low, because it requires huge investment and big infrastructure. Apart from this new organization has to provide food and other material at very low cost to sustain in the market and compete with the existing retailers, which is quite hard. Secondly, consumer acceptance is one the major issue for new entries in this sector which makes supermarkets less attractive as compare to other sectors. Threat of Alternatives Because all three supermarkets deal in food and grocery, a long range of products is always available to the customers. So, the customer always has the chance to switch between products. It depends on the way of customer service and the cost and quality of the product, which can bind up the customer with the product and the same organization. To Sustain in market and maintain the growth rate, Morrison have to provide the good customer service and better product at low coast as compare to competitors. PESTEL Analysis Through PESTEL Analysis we can identify the external environmental factors which impact on the performance of Morrison and its competitors Tesco and Sainsbury. Political Government of UK has imposed strict rules and regulation for the company to protect the environment e.g. laws related to waste disposal by companies. Food and other retailers will have to follow these rules planned by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and it will affect the cost of businesses. The bovine tuberculosis and chronic diseases through waste will compel the government to make more strict and stiff rules against these companies for the protection of company. European food authority has imposed regulations on food retailers to indicate the nutritional information and standard of quality of their products. The competition commission of uk and office of fair trading keep an eye on the main five supermarket retailing companies due to their high market share in the supermarket industry. Economic Rise or failure in economy has a direct impact on the business because it affects the purchasing power of consumer. After 2008, UK officially declared the recession in economy. Though, government helps a lot to reduce the impact of recession on business and normal people by cutting interest rates. (Euromonitor, 2010), and it in turn helps to increase the purchasing power of customers and increase the business in UK. Whereas people are still not able to become heavy spender like before. Now a days people think twice before spending money and avoid to buy the product which are less in use which affect the overall profit of business.(Keynote,2010). After, 2010 economy of UK has started growing up slowly and purchasing power of customer is increasing day by day. Social In UK population , there are less young people and children as compare to retired people.(Herald Scotland,2010) which affects the retailing business of food and grocery because it is understood that the eating and purchasing habits of older people is totally different and slow as compare to youngsters . They prefer light food mainly cooked at home and they like home deliveries to avoid the shopping, which cost extra to the stores. Apart from this older people dont believe in online shopping because they find it inconvenient and difficult to use (Turban et al., 2001), overall it affects the business growth. Technological In this technological era every sector try to use new innovative tools to increase the performance and provide better customer service. Same is the case with supermarkets. Now a days every super market use technological tools like online shopping, self checkouts, card payments which is a revolution in the supermarkets. With the help of these technical tools retailers can increase the productivity and efficiency of the employees and business and reduce the billing time of customers which automatically provide customer satisfaction and help to increase the overall profit. According to national statistics, 2010, people using internet have grown by 50% from last few years. In UK more than 70% people know the use of internet and prefer to use online shopping which saves time and money of customer. Environmental In UK, People believe in recycling, reduced packaging and avoid plastic bags. This kind of initiatives towards the improvement of environment is also promoted by UK government and Morrison actively takes part in CSR. From last few years more then 70% people have stopped using plastic bags and prefer to use reusable bags for shopping which cut down the packing cost of a product and increase the profit of an organization.(Office for National Statistics,2010) Legal By HM Treasury, 2010, UK govt. has increased the VAT charges by 20% on the products, which affects the overall profit of organizations. Apart from this National minimum wage in UK is very high as compare to other countries which is one the reason of reduction in profit on the products for the supermarkets. It is assumed that standard UK minimum wages could increase by 15% which can affect badly on the supermarkets of UK. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Morrison should move its focus towards different product categories instead of just focusing on being a specialist in food products in order to compete with other competitors like Sainsbury and Tesco. 2. Morrison should pay attention towards analyzing its financial and other resources and should try to strategically allocate these resources in an optimal fashion to achieve improvement in performance and efficiency of the overall business. 3. This is a world of technology and development. Thus Morrison should try to incorporate new and better technology like self checkouts and other form of technology like digital technology which should have features like online shopping in order to provide better customer service to its customers and compete with other competitors in the market. 4. Morrison should focus on better customer service and should focus on the concepts of CSR to fulfill its role and duties towards the society and the environment. CONCLUSIONS- 1. The financial analysis of Morrison shows that it is able to use its financial resources optimally and is able to fulfill its duties towards the creditors. But it really needs to work hard to improve on where it is lagging and it has a long way to go. 2. Morrison financial statement shows that the flow of fund and cash is strong and it is efficiently managing its financial resources but needs to improve more. 3. Morrison is working on the concept of CSR and understands its duties towards society and environment. This will help Morrison to build a good image and relationship with people in society. It was recorded that it did charity of around 1.18 million pounds. 4. Morrison should focus on adding new food products which are healthy to attract more customers.

A Nightmare On Elm Street :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At a time when the stalker movie had been exploited to all ends and the image of mute, staggering, vicious killers had been etched into society’s consciousness to the point of exhaustion, a new kid entered the block. The year was 1984 and it was time for a new villain to enter into the horror genre. A villain that was agile, intelligent, almost inviolable yet viscous, and by all means deadly. A Nightmare on Elm Street introduced the distinctive presence of Fred Krueger to the horror industry and to the audience. Freddy Krueger took the center stage and with him a new era of horror films began. This horribly scarred man who wore a ragged slouch hat, dirty red-and-green striped sweater, and a glove outfitted with knives at the fingers reinvented the stalker genre like no other film had. Fred Krueger breathed new life into the dying horror genre of the early 1980’s. Horror films are designed to frighten the audience and engage them in their worst fears, while captivating and entertaining at the same time. Horror films often center on the darker side of life, on what is forbidden and strange. These films play with society’s fears, its nightmare’s and vulnerability, the terror of the unknown, the fear of death, the loss of identity, and the fear of sexuality. Horror films are generally set in spooky old mansions, fog-ridden areas, or dark locales with unknown human, supernatural or grotesque creatures lurking about. These creatures can range from vampires, madmen, devils, unfriendly ghosts, monsters, mad scientists, demons, zombies, evil spirits, satanic villains, the possessed, werewolves and freaks to the unseen and even the mere presence of evil. Within the genre of horror films falls the sub-genre of teen slasher/stalker films. These teen slasher/stalker films take the horror genre film characteristics into account, however they add more to the formula. More violence, sadism, brutality, and graphic blood and gore are used to increase the terror factor. Sexuality and gratuitous nudity are also key characteristic of many of these films. Imitations and numerous sequels are also a common characteristic of teen slasher/stalker films as well. A Nightmare on Elm Street and all of the following six sequels fall into its own sub-genre of the teen slasher/stalker sub-genre as well, know as the Nightmare on Elm Street Series. This series of films adds a new dimension to the typical teen slasher/stalker film, depth of character and story.

Bham civil rights

MAGMA It was coldest November day when my friend and I went to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. Coming here brought back a lot of memories because feel like Civil Rights was the majority of what we studied in grade school. From the minute I parked I saw the 16th SST Baptist Church that was bombed many years ago. I remember taking field trips there when was a child. Walking through the building was like taking a journey through Birmingham contributions to the Civil Rights Movement and human rights struggles.The most familiar part of the institute was going past Martin Luther King Jar. ‘s exhibit. I always enjoyed hearing his speeches because he has so much passion when he spoke. He actually helped me out in my speech class my freshman year. Another section remembered studying in grade school was the displays of segregation. There were separate bathrooms and water fountains and they depicted how the ‘White† bathrooms were spotless and the â€Å"black† bat hrooms were run down and dirty.And who can forget Rosa Parks and ere decision to stay put in her seat, ignoring the bus driver, James Blake, on December 1, 1955. Overall, I enjoyed my visit to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. I thought it was going to be a walk in, look at stuff and leave type of thing but it truly brought back many memories from grammar school and what we studied then. I would encourage anyone who has not been to the Civil Rights Institute to go and see for themselves how interesting and heartfelt it is to see the past of our city, Birmingham, and what has become of it now. Birmingham has come a long way.

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buy custom A Chinese Poem To Pi Ssu Yao essay To Pi Ssu Yao is a Chinese poem. Well written to portray the plight of the poets. It is one of the many Chinese poems, which is just so good and well written. This one particularly reverberated with me; despite the fact that I do not figure out the title. I believe there are two issues going on throughout the poem. First, there is the whole poem artist not getting acknowledged for the contributions they give, you know, the clich, stereotype also reality that artists have a tendency to die meager and leave their estate administrators to enjoy the riches. However, there is also the notion that knowledge is a type of procreation. We leave the matter for the generations there after. The poet gives us the reality of procreation that is dependant on generations. It is a kind of immortality, even after you pass on; the acquaintance that one has left will continue to be passed on generation after generation. This issue of life reality is quite evident in the poem that is being passed on to g eneration. It' has been passed down for more than ten centuries and currently every one of the six billion persons on the planet has a right to use to it. The poem is giving us the reality of life where those who work hard never gotten the right yield of their labor. Human acquaintance gets more complex since it is compounded; we find out everything the persons who came before us had acquainted with, and then we gain knowledge of something new in addition to that. In addition, it keeps building through the periods, and we as species recognize more and more with each succeeding generation. Writers get to know what came before by learning through reading, and in turn, they struggle to push their writing wherever writing has not gone before. In Patterns, we are awakened from quietness by a precise fanfare that for a fleeting second suggests too much accomplishment. Instead of ruptures of electrons, we hear dissimilarity on the opening display, in lush chromatic harmonies and changing moods. Curiously, the character is the poet and other poets suffering from the opening injustice, departing with an unsettling, disjointed, almost exhalation into a final trivial chord. The illusion is absolute. The arts have talent and people refer to them as the leading poets of our day. The translation of the poem stanza give us the agony poets fill when they work yield to them litter. Too bad, our homes are humble. The poets recognition is considered insignificant. Hungry, not well clothed, the lovers of their work treat them with contempt (Rexroth, 2011, pp1-2). This is a true picture of the worlds injustices where people are self centered and inconsiderate about others. In the prime of life, the poets faces are furrowed. However, this is a recap of the old saying that ones meat is anothers poison. We are our own Audience. We appreciate Each other's literary Merits. This translation is a confirmation that the like-minded or victims are always concern about one other. The poems will be passed on along with great dead poets'. This is a poem written to give the plight of the poets and other talented artist. To Pi Ssu Yao is a well written poem that gives the injustice of the world; where majority are reaping where they never sowed. Conclusion To Pi Ssu Yao translation, give us the perspective of the writer and other artists in regards to their work. It is a poem giving the plight of the poets also continuity of their work for generations. Buy custom A Chinese Poem To Pi Ssu Yao essay

Essay on alcohol and drugs

Essay on alcohol and drugs Essay on alcohol and drugs Drugs & Alcohol Final Paper HDFS 2400 AU 13 Section I The topic that I had most interest in throughout the chapters 1-19 of our assigned text- book, Exploring Lifespan Development Second Edition by Laura E. Berk, was in chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood the section about ‘Substance Abuse.’ This topic is really appealing to me because being a 21-year old female a lot of people around my age, especially being a college student, have done sometime of substance abuse before. It seems to be the â€Å"cool thing† to do on the weekends with an over amount of binge drinking, while casually having a cigarette to keep the ‘tipsy’ feeling alive in the body. According to the textbook, â€Å"As many as 20 percent of U.S. 21- to 25- year olds are substance abusers (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009b)† (Berk p. 348). Substance abuse is the use of marijuana, smoking cigarettes, chewing tobacco and taking stimulants to enhance physical or cognitive performance. Also , binge drinking and experimentation with prescription drugs and â€Å"party drugs† are a common substance abuse among those in early adulthood that can lead to tragic consequences. The most common substance disorders in those years is cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Some tragic consequences from cigarette smoking are deterioration of the retina, skin abnormalities, premature again, hair loss, decline in bone mass and many more extreme consequences. Alcohol consumption is best known for chronic liver disease, but it is also linked to cardiovascular disease, irritation of intestinal tract, inflammation of the pancreas, bone marrow problems and many disorders of the blood and joints. Tragic consequences of substance abuse are a huge increase of the psychological problems that lie with addiction that can lead into abuse in adolescence and adult years. The earlier started for any form of addiction the likelihood of continuing for future years to come. Section II â€Å"Alcohol Addiction† by Pride-Institute.com, states that almost 18 million Americans abuse alcohol. With many types of people and cultures that do abuse alcohol, in the LGBT community research of alcoholism suggests that the abuse and dependence of it occurs higher rates than in the mainstream population. In the LGBT community alcohol abuse occurs more than in the mainstream population. The abuse of alcohol can be the result of much stress and difficulty of dealing with discrimination and heterosexism that many do face who are homosexual. Many who abuse alcohol development a high tolerance for it, which results in the need to drink more to achieve that intoxication or the desired effect. Abuse of alcohol is the continuing to drink all the time, more time spent on drinking and thinking about drinking. Another aspect affected besides the body is the interaction with the real world; important work, family or social activities are more likely to be given up or reduced as a res ult of it. According to Cancer.org, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality in the United States.† Smoking cigarettes are activities that people choose to do, and is the most preventable cause of death in our society. When comparing the many cultures American Indians/Alaska Natives are the highest cultures to abuse cigarette smoking, and about 18% of high school students were smoking cigarettes in 2011. It is said that cigarette smokers die younger than non-smokers, and smoking can harm just about every organ in the body. The causes of diseases are seen as always chronic with bronchitis, heart attacks, strokes and cancer. Smoking can also steal away a person’s quality of life years before death. It limits the person’s daily life with playing, working and even harder to breath. Life expectancy for men and women who do smoke is more likely to die between the ages of 35, and 69 years old for those who have chosen not to smoke. Is there a relationship

Domestic violence against men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Domestic violence against men - Essay Example Finally, this paper discusses the Elizabeth Smart’s case; it offers an overview of the case, elements of the crime, mitigating factors and connects the criminological theory of feminism to the crime committed against Elizabeth. Criminology Question 1 For many years, a great deal of focus has been put on women as victims of domestic abuse, but the focus should be put on men too as there are men who are also affected. 7.5 percent of men in the United States go through physical and or sexual abuse by affectionate partners at some time in their adult lives as Dreeben-irimia indicates (2011). There are plenty of reasons why domestic violence against men is not as much in the limelight as against women. The idea of men being abused is seen as embarrassing and unthinkable, so most men who are abused will not even contemplate reporting the situation. Men are seen as the stronger sex and an exhibition of weakness may make a man feel less of a man; thus, a man will not report so as not to be seen as weak. Secondly, there have been plenty of campaigns and programs put in place encouraging and supporting women who are abused, but this has not been seen in regard to men’s similar plight. ... It is only fair to treat them in an equal manner as the term criminal groups them as one. Secondly, white collar criminals in many occurrences are the ones who fund the street criminals and organize the street criminal groups. White collar criminals may be, to a certain extent, even more dangerous than street criminals. This is because one occurrence of deception or extortion could wipe out a company and devastate families by devouring their life savings; thus, white collar crime cannot be said to be without victims. White collar criminals dedicate their time and effort to commit economic scams just the same as street criminals dedicate theirs for their misdeeds, so both should be dealt with equally. This is so as to put in place stringent measures that will discourage people from engaging in white collar crimes. Treating white collar criminals any different may be precedent in encouraging people to engage in white collar crimes, after all, there is better treatment set aside for whi te collar crimes. Question 3 To a certain extent, the subculture of violence theory can explain high homicide rates in the South and to another extent it may not. The theory purports that, in big communities, people may develop attitudes and values that entice them to violence and acts of crime (Seifert and Kohl, 2011). The theory has an effect on adolescents because if it is understood, it could prevent them from turning into criminals in their adulthood. Surroundings may influence a person into turning to criminal acts, but everyone also has the right of choice. As much as criminal environments and circumstances influence people into crime, these places have also produced responsible people who flourish in life without committing acts of crime. Question 4

Sustainable Concrete Environmental Studies Coursework

Sustainable Concrete Environmental Studies - Coursework Example This industry has been identified as causing massive environmental damages within the production area. The materials used like cement produce a lot of dust and, therefore, contribute greatly to this pollution. Gore & Steffen (2008) states that with the current issues of climate change and global warming, this industry are faced with a surmountable task of alienating itself from the effects of climate change. This raises the issue of ‘going green’ – manufacturing using eco-friendly procedures and operations. Challenges Industrialization in the recent years shows an immense impact on the environment. There have been some positive effects as well as negative ones. The negative effects of industrialization on the environment continue to cause the players within the industry acclaimed nightmares. In the manufacturing industry, top among the environmental concerns has been the emission of greenhouse gases. These gases have been identified as a leading cause of pollution to the ozone layer. The effects of these emissions have become evident around the globe with adverse effects of global warming becoming a reality as time progresses (Edward, 2006). Immense pressure continues to pile for manufacturers to adopt manufacturing methods showing low levels of carbon emissions. Concrete manufacturing industry also faces the challenge of dust which causes chest infections while contributing to environmental degradation. The adoption of sustainable manufacturing processes seems to be an invention in the right direction. A relative pollution reduction level has been achieved by the industry players who have adopted the culture of sustainable manufacturing. Sustainable manufacturing can be defined as the new way of doing business in the manufacturing industry (Frank-Martin and Peattie, 2009). It ensures that, while organizations adopt new environment friendly sources of energy, competitiveness is maintained by the business. Most manufacturers do this by improv ing their processes and products as well. The process of production poses a bigger challenge to the environment than the product. The method most manufactures have adopted to achieve sustainable manufacturing has been the use of 3Rs (reduce, recycle reuse). This method aims at reducing emission of wastes, finding uses for the waste products and recycling any manufactured item which can be recycled. The challenges posed by this approach are still enormous. The company would make a shift into manufacturing using sustainable production methods. It aims at reducing the amount of emission it delivers to the environment. Dust produced by concrete manufacturing plant needs to be controlled. Through the control of the amount of dust emitted, the company shall be able to achieve environmentally sustainable production level. This level can be marked by reduced emissions and pollution from a single plant. The company can install air compression facilities on the machines used for production. T hese facilities shall ensure the machine produces smaller amounts of air into the environment. The air produced by machines has been identified as what blows dust into the environment. Through compression, the level of dust emission shall be reduced leading to reduced dust pollution from the plant as a whole. In the UK construction and demolitions, have been identified as the two biggest waste streams. The impact of this has a direct impact on the concrete production industry. Managing this waste would significantly